# Demo: Injecting k8s runtime data into containers

In this tutorial, you will learn how to use `kustomize` to declare a variable reference and substitute it in container's command. Note that, the substitution is not for arbitrary fields, it is only applicable to container env, args and command. 

To run WordPress, it's necessary to

- connect WordPress with a MySQL database
- access the service name of MySQL database from WordPress container

First make a place to work:
<!-- @makeDemoHome @testAgainstLatestRelease -->
```
DEMO_HOME=$(mktemp -d)
MYSQL_HOME=$DEMO_HOME/mysql
mkdir -p $MYSQL_HOME
WORDPRESS_HOME=$DEMO_HOME/wordpress
mkdir -p $WORDPRESS_HOME
```

### Download resources

Download the resources and `kustomization.yaml` for WordPress.

<!-- @downloadResources @testAgainstLatestRelease -->
```
CONTENT="https://raw.githubusercontent.com\
/kubernetes-sigs/kustomize\
/master/examples/wordpress/wordpress"

curl -s -o "$WORDPRESS_HOME/#1.yaml" \
  "$CONTENT/{deployment,service,kustomization}.yaml"
```

Download the resources and `kustomization.yaml` for MySQL.

<!-- @downloadResources @testAgainstLatestRelease -->
```
CONTENT="https://raw.githubusercontent.com\
/kubernetes-sigs/kustomize\
/master/examples/wordpress/mysql"

curl -s -o "$MYSQL_HOME/#1.yaml" \
  "$CONTENT/{deployment,service,secret,kustomization}.yaml"
```

### Create kustomization.yaml

Create a new kustomization with two bases,
`wordpress` and `mysql`:

<!-- @createKustomization @testAgainstLatestRelease -->
```
cat <<EOF >$DEMO_HOME/kustomization.yaml
resources:
- wordpress
- mysql
namePrefix: demo-
patchesStrategicMerge:
- patch.yaml
EOF
```

### Download patch for WordPress
In the new kustomization, apply a patch for wordpress deployment. The patch does two things
- Add an initial container to show the mysql service name
- Add environment variable that allow wordpress to find the mysql database

<!-- @downloadPatch @testAgainstLatestRelease -->
```
CONTENT="https://raw.githubusercontent.com\
/kubernetes-sigs/kustomize\
/master/examples/wordpress"

curl -s -o "$DEMO_HOME/#1.yaml" \
  "$CONTENT/{patch}.yaml"
```
The patch has following content
> ```
> apiVersion: apps/v1
> kind: Deployment
> metadata:
>   name: wordpress
> spec:
>   template:
>     spec:
>       initContainers:
>       - name: init-command
>         image: debian
>         command: ["/bin/sh"]
>         args: ["-c", "echo $(WORDPRESS_SERVICE); echo $(MYSQL_SERVICE)"]
>       containers:
>       - name: wordpress
>         env:
>         - name: WORDPRESS_DB_HOST
>           value: $(MYSQL_SERVICE)
>         - name: WORDPRESS_DB_PASSWORD
>           valueFrom:
>             secretKeyRef:
>               name: mysql-pass
>               key: password
> ```
The init container's command requires information that depends on k8s resource object fields, represented by the placeholder variables
$(WORDPRESS_SERVICE) and $(MYSQL_SERVICE).

### Bind the Variables to k8s Object Fields

<!-- @addVarRef @testAgainstLatestRelease -->
```
cat <<EOF >>$DEMO_HOME/kustomization.yaml
vars:
  - name: WORDPRESS_SERVICE
    objref:
      kind: Service
      name: wordpress
      apiVersion: v1
    fieldref:
      fieldpath: metadata.name
  - name: MYSQL_SERVICE
    objref:
      kind: Service
      name: mysql
      apiVersion: v1
EOF
```
`WORDPRESS_SERVICE` is from the field `metadata.name` of Service `wordpress`. If we don't specify `fieldref`, the default is `metadata.name`. So `MYSQL_SERVICE` is from the field `metadata.name` of Service `mysql`.

### Substitution
Confirm the variable substitution:

<!-- @kustomizeBuild @testAgainstLatestRelease -->
```
kustomize build $DEMO_HOME
```

Expect this in the output:

> ```
> (truncated)
> ...
>     initContainers:
>     - args:
>       - -c
>       - echo demo-wordpress; echo demo-mysql
>       command:
>       - /bin/sh
>       image: debian
>       name: init-command
>
> ```
