diff --git a/app/application.go b/app/application.go
index 586d257fe..a087efb57 100644
--- a/app/application.go
+++ b/app/application.go
@@ -22,11 +22,11 @@ import (
 
 	"github.com/ghodss/yaml"
 
-	manifest "k8s.io/kubectl/pkg/apis/manifest/v1alpha1"
 	"k8s.io/kubectl/pkg/kustomize/constants"
 	interror "k8s.io/kubectl/pkg/kustomize/internal/error"
 	"k8s.io/kubectl/pkg/kustomize/resource"
 	"k8s.io/kubectl/pkg/kustomize/transformers"
+	"k8s.io/kubectl/pkg/kustomize/types"
 	"k8s.io/kubectl/pkg/loader"
 )
 
@@ -35,8 +35,10 @@ type Application interface {
 	Resources() (resource.ResourceCollection, error)
 	// SemiResources computes and returns the resources without name hash and name reference for the app
 	SemiResources() (resource.ResourceCollection, error)
-	// RawResources computes and returns the raw resources from the manifest.
-	// It contains resources from 1) untransformed resources from current manifest 2) transformed resources from sub packages
+	// RawResources computes and returns the raw resources from the kustomize config file.
+	// It contains resources from
+	// 1) untransformed resources from current kustomize config file
+	// 2) transformed resources from sub packages
 	RawResources() (resource.ResourceCollection, error)
 }
 
@@ -44,19 +46,19 @@ var _ Application = &applicationImpl{}
 
 // Private implementation of the Application interface
 type applicationImpl struct {
-	manifest *manifest.Manifest
+	manifest *types.Manifest
 	loader   loader.Loader
 }
 
-// NewApp parses the manifest at the path using the loader.
+// NewApp parses the kustomize config file at the path using the loader.
 func New(loader loader.Loader) (Application, error) {
-	// load the manifest using the loader
+	// load the kustomize config file using the loader
 	manifestBytes, err := loader.Load(constants.KustomizeFileName)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
 
-	var m manifest.Manifest
+	var m types.Manifest
 	err = unmarshal(manifestBytes, &m)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
@@ -64,7 +66,7 @@ func New(loader loader.Loader) (Application, error) {
 	return &applicationImpl{manifest: &m, loader: loader}, nil
 }
 
-// Resources computes and returns the resources from the manifest.
+// Resources computes and returns the resources from the kustomize config file.
 // The namehashing for configmap/secrets and resolving name reference is only done
 // in the most top overlay once at the end of getting resources.
 func (a *applicationImpl) Resources() (resource.ResourceCollection, error) {
@@ -130,7 +132,7 @@ func (a *applicationImpl) SemiResources() (resource.ResourceCollection, error) {
 	return allRes, nil
 }
 
-// RawResources computes and returns the raw resources from the manifest.
+// RawResources computes and returns the raw resources from the kustomize config file.
 // The namehashing for configmap/secrets and resolving name reference is only done
 // in the most top overlay once at the end of getting resources.
 func (a *applicationImpl) RawResources() (resource.ResourceCollection, error) {
diff --git a/app/application_test.go b/app/application_test.go
index 3a49b923b..cc78748ae 100644
--- a/app/application_test.go
+++ b/app/application_test.go
@@ -32,10 +32,7 @@ import (
 )
 
 func setupTest(t *testing.T) loader.Loader {
-	manifestContent := []byte(`apiVersion: manifest.k8s.io/v1alpha1
-kind: Manifest
-metadata:
-  name: nginx-app
+	manifestContent := []byte(`kustomizationName: nginx-app
 namePrefix: foo-
 objectLabels:
   app: nginx
diff --git a/commands/configmap.go b/commands/configmap.go
index 127adbc9c..7d79c46b7 100644
--- a/commands/configmap.go
+++ b/commands/configmap.go
@@ -22,9 +22,9 @@ import (
 
 	"github.com/spf13/cobra"
 
-	manifest "k8s.io/kubectl/pkg/apis/manifest/v1alpha1"
 	"k8s.io/kubectl/pkg/kustomize/configmapandsecret"
 	"k8s.io/kubectl/pkg/kustomize/constants"
+	"k8s.io/kubectl/pkg/kustomize/types"
 	"k8s.io/kubectl/pkg/kustomize/util/fs"
 )
 
@@ -32,13 +32,13 @@ func newCmdAddConfigMap(errOut io.Writer, fsys fs.FileSystem) *cobra.Command {
 	var config dataConfig
 	cmd := &cobra.Command{
 		Use:   "configmap NAME [--from-file=[key=]source] [--from-literal=key1=value1]",
-		Short: "Adds a configmap to the manifest.",
+		Short: "Adds a configmap to the kustomize config file.",
 		Long:  "",
 		Example: `
-	# Adds a configmap to the Manifest (with a specified key)
+	# Adds a configmap to the kustomize config file (with a specified key)
 	kustomize edit add configmap my-configmap --from-file=my-key=file/path --from-literal=my-literal=12345
 
-	# Adds a configmap to the Manifest (key is the filename)
+	# Adds a configmap to the kustomize config file (key is the filename)
 	kustomize edit add configmap my-configmap --from-file=file/path
 
 	# Adds a configmap from env-file
@@ -50,7 +50,7 @@ func newCmdAddConfigMap(errOut io.Writer, fsys fs.FileSystem) *cobra.Command {
 				return err
 			}
 
-			// Load in the manifest file.
+			// Load in the kustomize config file.
 			mf, err := newManifestFile(constants.KustomizeFileName, fsys)
 			if err != nil {
 				return err
@@ -61,13 +61,13 @@ func newCmdAddConfigMap(errOut io.Writer, fsys fs.FileSystem) *cobra.Command {
 				return err
 			}
 
-			// Add the config map to the manifest.
+			// Add the config map to the kustomize config file.
 			err = addConfigMap(m, config)
 			if err != nil {
 				return err
 			}
 
-			// Write out the manifest with added configmap.
+			// Write out the kustomize config file with added configmap.
 			return mf.write(m)
 		},
 	}
@@ -79,10 +79,10 @@ func newCmdAddConfigMap(errOut io.Writer, fsys fs.FileSystem) *cobra.Command {
 	return cmd
 }
 
-// addConfigMap updates a configmap within a manifest, using the data in config.
-// Note: error may leave manifest in an undefined state. Suggest passing a copy
-// of manifest.
-func addConfigMap(m *manifest.Manifest, config dataConfig) error {
+// addConfigMap updates a configmap within a kustomize config file, using the data in config.
+// Note: error may leave kustomize config file in an undefined state. Suggest passing a copy
+// of kustomize config file.
+func addConfigMap(m *types.Manifest, config dataConfig) error {
 	cm := getOrCreateConfigMap(m, config.Name)
 
 	err := mergeData(&cm.DataSources, config)
@@ -90,7 +90,7 @@ func addConfigMap(m *manifest.Manifest, config dataConfig) error {
 		return err
 	}
 
-	// Validate manifest's configmap by trying to create corev1.configmap.
+	// Validate by trying to create corev1.configmap.
 	_, _, err = configmapandsecret.MakeConfigmapAndGenerateName(*cm)
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
@@ -99,19 +99,19 @@ func addConfigMap(m *manifest.Manifest, config dataConfig) error {
 	return nil
 }
 
-func getOrCreateConfigMap(m *manifest.Manifest, name string) *manifest.ConfigMapArgs {
+func getOrCreateConfigMap(m *types.Manifest, name string) *types.ConfigMapArgs {
 	for i, v := range m.ConfigMapGenerator {
 		if name == v.Name {
 			return &m.ConfigMapGenerator[i]
 		}
 	}
-	// config map not found, create new one and add it to the manifest.
-	cm := &manifest.ConfigMapArgs{Name: name}
+	// config map not found, create new one and add it to the kustomize config file.
+	cm := &types.ConfigMapArgs{Name: name}
 	m.ConfigMapGenerator = append(m.ConfigMapGenerator, *cm)
 	return &m.ConfigMapGenerator[len(m.ConfigMapGenerator)-1]
 }
 
-func mergeData(src *manifest.DataSources, config dataConfig) error {
+func mergeData(src *types.DataSources, config dataConfig) error {
 	src.LiteralSources = append(src.LiteralSources, config.LiteralSources...)
 	src.FileSources = append(src.FileSources, config.FileSources...)
 	if src.EnvSource != "" && src.EnvSource != config.EnvFileSource {
diff --git a/commands/configmap_test.go b/commands/configmap_test.go
index 473c3982c..944724b03 100644
--- a/commands/configmap_test.go
+++ b/commands/configmap_test.go
@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ package commands
 import (
 	"testing"
 
-	manifest "k8s.io/kubectl/pkg/apis/manifest/v1alpha1"
+	"k8s.io/kubectl/pkg/kustomize/types"
 	"k8s.io/kubectl/pkg/kustomize/util/fs"
 )
 
@@ -32,7 +32,7 @@ func TestNewAddConfigMapIsNotNil(t *testing.T) {
 func TestGetOrCreateConfigMap(t *testing.T) {
 	cmName := "test-config-name"
 
-	manifest := &manifest.Manifest{
+	manifest := &types.Manifest{
 		NamePrefix: "test-name-prefix",
 	}
 
@@ -65,7 +65,7 @@ func TestGetOrCreateConfigMap(t *testing.T) {
 }
 
 func TestMergeData_LiteralSources(t *testing.T) {
-	ds := &manifest.DataSources{}
+	ds := &types.DataSources{}
 
 	err := mergeData(ds, dataConfig{LiteralSources: []string{"k1=v1"}})
 	if err != nil {
@@ -87,7 +87,7 @@ func TestMergeData_LiteralSources(t *testing.T) {
 }
 
 func TestMergeData_FileSources(t *testing.T) {
-	ds := &manifest.DataSources{}
+	ds := &types.DataSources{}
 
 	err := mergeData(ds, dataConfig{FileSources: []string{"file1"}})
 	if err != nil {
@@ -111,7 +111,7 @@ func TestMergeData_FileSources(t *testing.T) {
 func TestMergeData_EnvSource(t *testing.T) {
 	envFileName := "env1"
 	envFileName2 := "env2"
-	ds := &manifest.DataSources{}
+	ds := &types.DataSources{}
 
 	err := mergeData(ds, dataConfig{EnvFileSource: envFileName})
 	if err != nil {
diff --git a/commands/testdata/testcase-base-only/in/kustomize.yaml b/commands/testdata/testcase-base-only/in/kustomize.yaml
index bfd9e811e..b351764f0 100644
--- a/commands/testdata/testcase-base-only/in/kustomize.yaml
+++ b/commands/testdata/testcase-base-only/in/kustomize.yaml
@@ -1,7 +1,4 @@
-apiVersion: manifest.k8s.io/v1alpha1
-kind: Manifest
-metadata:
-  name: nginx-app
+kustomizationName: nginx-app
 namePrefix: team-foo-
 objectLabels:
   app: mynginx
diff --git a/commands/testdata/testcase-multiple-patches-conflict/in/overlay/kustomize.yaml b/commands/testdata/testcase-multiple-patches-conflict/in/overlay/kustomize.yaml
index ecb0ef4d4..2557dbe03 100644
--- a/commands/testdata/testcase-multiple-patches-conflict/in/overlay/kustomize.yaml
+++ b/commands/testdata/testcase-multiple-patches-conflict/in/overlay/kustomize.yaml
@@ -1,7 +1,4 @@
-apiVersion: manifest.k8s.io/v1alpha1
-kind: Manifest
-metadata:
-  name: nginx-app
+kustomizationName: nginx-app
 namePrefix: staging-
 objectLabels:
   env: staging
diff --git a/commands/testdata/testcase-multiple-patches-conflict/in/package/kustomize.yaml b/commands/testdata/testcase-multiple-patches-conflict/in/package/kustomize.yaml
index e5e3ca206..be7bbb465 100644
--- a/commands/testdata/testcase-multiple-patches-conflict/in/package/kustomize.yaml
+++ b/commands/testdata/testcase-multiple-patches-conflict/in/package/kustomize.yaml
@@ -1,7 +1,4 @@
-apiVersion: manifest.k8s.io/v1alpha1
-kind: Manifest
-metadata:
-  name: nginx-app
+kustomizationName: nginx-app
 namePrefix: team-foo-
 objectLabels:
   app: mynginx
diff --git a/commands/testdata/testcase-multiple-patches-noconflict/in/overlay/kustomize.yaml b/commands/testdata/testcase-multiple-patches-noconflict/in/overlay/kustomize.yaml
index 62e51a805..f628cd289 100644
--- a/commands/testdata/testcase-multiple-patches-noconflict/in/overlay/kustomize.yaml
+++ b/commands/testdata/testcase-multiple-patches-noconflict/in/overlay/kustomize.yaml
@@ -1,7 +1,4 @@
-apiVersion: manifest.k8s.io/v1alpha1
-kind: Manifest
-metadata:
-  name: nginx-app
+kustomizationName: nginx-app
 namePrefix: staging-
 objectLabels:
   env: staging
diff --git a/commands/testdata/testcase-multiple-patches-noconflict/in/package/kustomize.yaml b/commands/testdata/testcase-multiple-patches-noconflict/in/package/kustomize.yaml
index e5e3ca206..be7bbb465 100644
--- a/commands/testdata/testcase-multiple-patches-noconflict/in/package/kustomize.yaml
+++ b/commands/testdata/testcase-multiple-patches-noconflict/in/package/kustomize.yaml
@@ -1,7 +1,4 @@
-apiVersion: manifest.k8s.io/v1alpha1
-kind: Manifest
-metadata:
-  name: nginx-app
+kustomizationName: nginx-app
 namePrefix: team-foo-
 objectLabels:
   app: mynginx
diff --git a/commands/testdata/testcase-single-overlay/in/overlay/kustomize.yaml b/commands/testdata/testcase-single-overlay/in/overlay/kustomize.yaml
index 765e47bff..409e23dc5 100644
--- a/commands/testdata/testcase-single-overlay/in/overlay/kustomize.yaml
+++ b/commands/testdata/testcase-single-overlay/in/overlay/kustomize.yaml
@@ -1,7 +1,4 @@
-apiVersion: manifest.k8s.io/v1alpha1
-kind: Manifest
-metadata:
-  name: nginx-app
+kustomizationName: nginx-app
 namePrefix: staging-
 objectLabels:
   env: staging
diff --git a/commands/testdata/testcase-single-overlay/in/package/kustomize.yaml b/commands/testdata/testcase-single-overlay/in/package/kustomize.yaml
index fb0bf362c..4df640854 100644
--- a/commands/testdata/testcase-single-overlay/in/package/kustomize.yaml
+++ b/commands/testdata/testcase-single-overlay/in/package/kustomize.yaml
@@ -1,7 +1,4 @@
-apiVersion: manifest.k8s.io/v1alpha1
-kind: Manifest
-metadata:
-  name: nginx-app
+kustomizationName: nginx-app
 namePrefix: team-foo-
 objectLabels:
   app: mynginx
diff --git a/commands/util.go b/commands/util.go
index fb035b87b..cb60749fc 100644
--- a/commands/util.go
+++ b/commands/util.go
@@ -24,9 +24,9 @@ import (
 
 	"github.com/ghodss/yaml"
 
-	manifest "k8s.io/kubectl/pkg/apis/manifest/v1alpha1"
 	"k8s.io/kubectl/pkg/kustomize/constants"
 	interror "k8s.io/kubectl/pkg/kustomize/internal/error"
+	"k8s.io/kubectl/pkg/kustomize/types"
 	"k8s.io/kubectl/pkg/kustomize/util/fs"
 )
 
@@ -47,7 +47,7 @@ func newManifestFile(mPath string, fsys fs.FileSystem) (*manifestFile, error) {
 func (mf *manifestFile) validate() error {
 	f, err := mf.fsys.Stat(mf.mPath)
 	if err != nil {
-		errorMsg := fmt.Sprintf("Manifest (%s) missing\nRun `kustomize init` first", mf.mPath)
+		errorMsg := fmt.Sprintf("Missing kustomize config file '%s'.\n", mf.mPath)
 		merr := interror.ManifestError{ManifestFilepath: mf.mPath, ErrorMsg: errorMsg}
 		return merr
 	}
@@ -55,13 +55,13 @@ func (mf *manifestFile) validate() error {
 		mf.mPath = path.Join(mf.mPath, constants.KustomizeFileName)
 		_, err = mf.fsys.Stat(mf.mPath)
 		if err != nil {
-			errorMsg := fmt.Sprintf("Manifest (%s) missing\nRun `kustomize init` first", mf.mPath)
+			errorMsg := fmt.Sprintf("Missing kustomize config file '%s'.\n", mf.mPath)
 			merr := interror.ManifestError{ManifestFilepath: mf.mPath, ErrorMsg: errorMsg}
 			return merr
 		}
 	} else {
 		if !strings.HasSuffix(mf.mPath, constants.KustomizeFileName) {
-			errorMsg := fmt.Sprintf("Manifest file (%s) should have %s suffix\n", mf.mPath, constants.KustomizeSuffix)
+			errorMsg := fmt.Sprintf("Kustomize config file path (%s) should have %s suffix\n", mf.mPath, constants.KustomizeSuffix)
 			merr := interror.ManifestError{ManifestFilepath: mf.mPath, ErrorMsg: errorMsg}
 			return merr
 		}
@@ -69,12 +69,12 @@ func (mf *manifestFile) validate() error {
 	return nil
 }
 
-func (mf *manifestFile) read() (*manifest.Manifest, error) {
+func (mf *manifestFile) read() (*types.Manifest, error) {
 	bytes, err := mf.fsys.ReadFile(mf.mPath)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
-	var manifest manifest.Manifest
+	var manifest types.Manifest
 	err = yaml.Unmarshal(bytes, &manifest)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
@@ -82,9 +82,9 @@ func (mf *manifestFile) read() (*manifest.Manifest, error) {
 	return &manifest, err
 }
 
-func (mf *manifestFile) write(manifest *manifest.Manifest) error {
+func (mf *manifestFile) write(manifest *types.Manifest) error {
 	if manifest == nil {
-		return errors.New("util: failed to write passed-in nil manifest")
+		return errors.New("util: kustomize config file arg is nil.")
 	}
 	bytes, err := yaml.Marshal(manifest)
 	if err != nil {
diff --git a/commands/util_test.go b/commands/util_test.go
index 696d77da9..f0c137470 100644
--- a/commands/util_test.go
+++ b/commands/util_test.go
@@ -21,12 +21,12 @@ import (
 	"strings"
 	"testing"
 
-	manifest "k8s.io/kubectl/pkg/apis/manifest/v1alpha1"
+	"k8s.io/kubectl/pkg/kustomize/types"
 	"k8s.io/kubectl/pkg/kustomize/util/fs"
 )
 
 func TestWriteAndRead(t *testing.T) {
-	manifest := &manifest.Manifest{
+	manifest := &types.Manifest{
 		NamePrefix: "prefix",
 	}
 
@@ -67,21 +67,23 @@ func TestNewNotExist(t *testing.T) {
 	if err == nil {
 		t.Fatalf("expect an error")
 	}
-	if !strings.Contains(err.Error(), "Run `kustomize init` first") {
-		t.Fatalf("expect an error contains %q, but got %v", "does not exist", err)
+	contained := "Missing kustomize config file"
+	if !strings.Contains(err.Error(), contained) {
+		t.Fatalf("expect an error contains %q, but got %v", contained, err)
 	}
 	_, err = newManifestFile("kustomize.yaml", fakeFS)
 	if err == nil {
 		t.Fatalf("expect an error")
 	}
-	if !strings.Contains(err.Error(), "Run `kustomize init` first") {
-		t.Fatalf("expect an error contains %q, but got %v", "does not exist", err)
+	if !strings.Contains(err.Error(), contained) {
+		t.Fatalf("expect an error contains %q, but got %v", contained, err)
 	}
 	_, err = newManifestFile(badSuffix, fakeFS)
 	if err == nil {
 		t.Fatalf("expect an error")
 	}
-	if !strings.Contains(err.Error(), "should have .yaml suffix") {
-		t.Fatalf("expect an error contains %q, but got %v", "does not exist", err)
+	contained = "should have .yaml suffix"
+	if !strings.Contains(err.Error(), contained) {
+		t.Fatalf("expect an error contains %q, but got %v", contained, err)
 	}
 }
diff --git a/configmapandsecret/configmap_secret.go b/configmapandsecret/configmap_secret.go
index d7087e0d9..72f0090ff 100644
--- a/configmapandsecret/configmap_secret.go
+++ b/configmapandsecret/configmap_secret.go
@@ -28,7 +28,6 @@ import (
 	corev1 "k8s.io/api/core/v1"
 	"k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/apis/meta/v1/unstructured"
 	"k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/runtime"
-	manifest "k8s.io/kubectl/pkg/apis/manifest/v1alpha1"
 	cutil "k8s.io/kubectl/pkg/kustomize/configmapandsecret/util"
 	"k8s.io/kubectl/pkg/kustomize/hash"
 	"k8s.io/kubectl/pkg/kustomize/resource"
@@ -36,7 +35,7 @@ import (
 )
 
 // MakeConfigmapAndGenerateName makes a configmap and returns the configmap and the name appended with a hash.
-func MakeConfigmapAndGenerateName(cm manifest.ConfigMapArgs) (*unstructured.Unstructured, string, error) {
+func MakeConfigmapAndGenerateName(cm types.ConfigMapArgs) (*unstructured.Unstructured, string, error) {
 	corev1CM, err := makeConfigMap(cm)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, "", err
@@ -51,7 +50,7 @@ func MakeConfigmapAndGenerateName(cm manifest.ConfigMapArgs) (*unstructured.Unst
 }
 
 // MakeSecretAndGenerateName returns a secret with the name appended with a hash.
-func MakeSecretAndGenerateName(secret manifest.SecretArgs, path string) (*unstructured.Unstructured, string, error) {
+func MakeSecretAndGenerateName(secret types.SecretArgs, path string) (*unstructured.Unstructured, string, error) {
 	corev1Secret, err := makeSecret(secret, path)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, "", err
@@ -75,7 +74,7 @@ func objectToUnstructured(in runtime.Object) (*unstructured.Unstructured, error)
 	return &out, err
 }
 
-func makeConfigMap(cm manifest.ConfigMapArgs) (*corev1.ConfigMap, error) {
+func makeConfigMap(cm types.ConfigMapArgs) (*corev1.ConfigMap, error) {
 	corev1cm := &corev1.ConfigMap{}
 	corev1cm.APIVersion = "v1"
 	corev1cm.Kind = "ConfigMap"
@@ -101,7 +100,7 @@ func makeConfigMap(cm manifest.ConfigMapArgs) (*corev1.ConfigMap, error) {
 	return corev1cm, nil
 }
 
-func makeSecret(secret manifest.SecretArgs, path string) (*corev1.Secret, error) {
+func makeSecret(secret types.SecretArgs, path string) (*corev1.Secret, error) {
 	corev1secret := &corev1.Secret{}
 	corev1secret.APIVersion = "v1"
 	corev1secret.Kind = "Secret"
@@ -137,7 +136,7 @@ func populateMap(m resource.ResourceCollection, obj *unstructured.Unstructured,
 }
 
 // MakeConfigMapsResourceCollection returns a map of <GVK, oldName> -> unstructured object.
-func MakeConfigMapsResourceCollection(maps []manifest.ConfigMapArgs) (resource.ResourceCollection, error) {
+func MakeConfigMapsResourceCollection(maps []types.ConfigMapArgs) (resource.ResourceCollection, error) {
 	m := resource.ResourceCollection{}
 	for _, cm := range maps {
 		unstructuredConfigMap, nameWithHash, err := MakeConfigmapAndGenerateName(cm)
@@ -153,7 +152,7 @@ func MakeConfigMapsResourceCollection(maps []manifest.ConfigMapArgs) (resource.R
 }
 
 // MakeSecretsResourceCollection returns a map of <GVK, oldName> -> unstructured object.
-func MakeSecretsResourceCollection(secrets []manifest.SecretArgs, path string) (resource.ResourceCollection, error) {
+func MakeSecretsResourceCollection(secrets []types.SecretArgs, path string) (resource.ResourceCollection, error) {
 	m := resource.ResourceCollection{}
 	for _, secret := range secrets {
 		unstructuredSecret, nameWithHash, err := MakeSecretAndGenerateName(secret, path)
diff --git a/configmapandsecret/configmap_secret_test.go b/configmapandsecret/configmap_secret_test.go
index 7665ab8b9..628badf96 100644
--- a/configmapandsecret/configmap_secret_test.go
+++ b/configmapandsecret/configmap_secret_test.go
@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ import (
 	corev1 "k8s.io/api/core/v1"
 	metav1 "k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/apis/meta/v1"
 	"k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/apis/meta/v1/unstructured"
-	manifest "k8s.io/kubectl/pkg/apis/manifest/v1alpha1"
+	"k8s.io/kubectl/pkg/kustomize/types"
 )
 
 func makeEnvConfigMap(name string) *corev1.ConfigMap {
@@ -131,16 +131,16 @@ func makeUnstructuredSecret(name string) *unstructured.Unstructured {
 func TestConstructConfigMap(t *testing.T) {
 	type testCase struct {
 		description string
-		input       manifest.ConfigMapArgs
+		input       types.ConfigMapArgs
 		expected    *corev1.ConfigMap
 	}
 
 	testCases := []testCase{
 		{
 			description: "construct config map from env",
-			input: manifest.ConfigMapArgs{
+			input: types.ConfigMapArgs{
 				Name: "envConfigMap",
-				DataSources: manifest.DataSources{
+				DataSources: types.DataSources{
 					EnvSource: "../examples/simple/instances/exampleinstance/configmap/app.env",
 				},
 			},
@@ -148,9 +148,9 @@ func TestConstructConfigMap(t *testing.T) {
 		},
 		{
 			description: "construct config map from file",
-			input: manifest.ConfigMapArgs{
+			input: types.ConfigMapArgs{
 				Name: "fileConfigMap",
-				DataSources: manifest.DataSources{
+				DataSources: types.DataSources{
 					FileSources: []string{"../examples/simple/instances/exampleinstance/configmap/app-init.ini"},
 				},
 			},
@@ -158,9 +158,9 @@ func TestConstructConfigMap(t *testing.T) {
 		},
 		{
 			description: "construct config map from literal",
-			input: manifest.ConfigMapArgs{
+			input: types.ConfigMapArgs{
 				Name: "literalConfigMap",
-				DataSources: manifest.DataSources{
+				DataSources: types.DataSources{
 					LiteralSources: []string{"a=x", "b=y"},
 				},
 			},
@@ -180,7 +180,7 @@ func TestConstructConfigMap(t *testing.T) {
 }
 
 func TestConstructSecret(t *testing.T) {
-	secret := manifest.SecretArgs{
+	secret := types.SecretArgs{
 		Name: "secret",
 		Commands: map[string]string{
 			"DB_USERNAME": "printf admin",
@@ -199,7 +199,7 @@ func TestConstructSecret(t *testing.T) {
 }
 
 func TestFailConstructSecret(t *testing.T) {
-	secret := manifest.SecretArgs{
+	secret := types.SecretArgs{
 		Name: "secret",
 		Commands: map[string]string{
 			"FAILURE": "false", // This will fail.
diff --git a/examples/simple/instances/exampleinstance/kustomize.yaml b/examples/simple/instances/exampleinstance/kustomize.yaml
index c9892e080..1b7bd36ce 100644
--- a/examples/simple/instances/exampleinstance/kustomize.yaml
+++ b/examples/simple/instances/exampleinstance/kustomize.yaml
@@ -1,9 +1,4 @@
-# This example is from https://docs.google.com/document/d/1cLPGweVEYrVqQvBLJg6sxV-TrE5Rm2MNOBA_cxZP2WU/edit#heading=h.dr88tktf0e99
-
-apiVersion: manifest.k8s.io/v1alpha1
-kind: Manifest
-metadata:
-  name: test-infra-mungebot
+kustomizationName: test-infra-mungebot
 namePrefix: test-infra-
 # Labels to add to all objects and selectors.
 # These labels would also be used to form the selector for apply --prune
diff --git a/examples/simple/package/kustomize.yaml b/examples/simple/package/kustomize.yaml
index e5ab6d507..aeab828e3 100644
--- a/examples/simple/package/kustomize.yaml
+++ b/examples/simple/package/kustomize.yaml
@@ -1,11 +1,4 @@
-# This example is from https://docs.google.com/document/d/1cLPGweVEYrVqQvBLJg6sxV-TrE5Rm2MNOBA_cxZP2WU/edit#heading=h.dr88tktf0e99
-
-# Inspired by https://github.com/kubernetes/helm/blob/master/docs/charts.md
-# But Kubernetes API style
-apiVersion: manifest.k8s.io/v1alpha1
-kind: Manifest
-metadata:
-  name: mungebot
+kustomizationName: mungebot
 namePrefix: baseprefix-
 # Labels to add to all objects and selectors.
 # These labels would also be used to form the selector for apply --prune
diff --git a/resource/configmap.go b/resource/configmap.go
index 53d00da10..bac33b431 100644
--- a/resource/configmap.go
+++ b/resource/configmap.go
@@ -22,12 +22,12 @@ import (
 
 	corev1 "k8s.io/api/core/v1"
 	"k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/util/validation"
-	manifest "k8s.io/kubectl/pkg/apis/manifest/v1alpha1"
 	cutil "k8s.io/kubectl/pkg/kustomize/configmapandsecret/util"
+	"k8s.io/kubectl/pkg/kustomize/types"
 	"k8s.io/kubectl/pkg/loader"
 )
 
-func newFromConfigMap(l loader.Loader, cm manifest.ConfigMapArgs) (*Resource, error) {
+func newFromConfigMap(l loader.Loader, cm types.ConfigMapArgs) (*Resource, error) {
 	corev1CM, err := makeConfigMap(l, cm)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
@@ -40,7 +40,7 @@ func newFromConfigMap(l loader.Loader, cm manifest.ConfigMapArgs) (*Resource, er
 	return &Resource{Data: data, Behavior: cm.Behavior}, nil
 }
 
-func makeConfigMap(l loader.Loader, cm manifest.ConfigMapArgs) (*corev1.ConfigMap, error) {
+func makeConfigMap(l loader.Loader, cm types.ConfigMapArgs) (*corev1.ConfigMap, error) {
 	var envPairs, literalPairs, filePairs []kvPair
 	var err error
 
@@ -130,8 +130,8 @@ func addKV(m map[string]string, kv kvPair) error {
 	return nil
 }
 
-// NewFromConfigMaps returns a Resource slice given a configmap metadata slice from manifest file.
-func NewFromConfigMaps(loader loader.Loader, cmList []manifest.ConfigMapArgs) (ResourceCollection, error) {
+// NewFromConfigMaps returns a Resource slice given a configmap metadata slice from kustomize config file.
+func NewFromConfigMaps(loader loader.Loader, cmList []types.ConfigMapArgs) (ResourceCollection, error) {
 	allResources := []*Resource{}
 	for _, cm := range cmList {
 		res, err := newFromConfigMap(loader, cm)
diff --git a/resource/configmap_test.go b/resource/configmap_test.go
index 4fbc53480..2528cad6e 100644
--- a/resource/configmap_test.go
+++ b/resource/configmap_test.go
@@ -22,15 +22,15 @@ import (
 
 	"k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/apis/meta/v1/unstructured"
 	"k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/runtime/schema"
-	manifest "k8s.io/kubectl/pkg/apis/manifest/v1alpha1"
 	"k8s.io/kubectl/pkg/kustomize/resource"
+	"k8s.io/kubectl/pkg/kustomize/types"
 	"k8s.io/kubectl/pkg/loader/loadertest"
 )
 
 func TestNewFromConfigMaps(t *testing.T) {
 	type testCase struct {
 		description string
-		input       []manifest.ConfigMapArgs
+		input       []types.ConfigMapArgs
 		filepath    string
 		content     string
 		expected    resource.ResourceCollection
@@ -40,10 +40,10 @@ func TestNewFromConfigMaps(t *testing.T) {
 	testCases := []testCase{
 		{
 			description: "construct config map from env",
-			input: []manifest.ConfigMapArgs{
+			input: []types.ConfigMapArgs{
 				{
 					Name: "envConfigMap",
-					DataSources: manifest.DataSources{
+					DataSources: types.DataSources{
 						EnvSource: "app.env",
 					},
 				},
@@ -74,9 +74,9 @@ func TestNewFromConfigMaps(t *testing.T) {
 		},
 		{
 			description: "construct config map from file",
-			input: []manifest.ConfigMapArgs{{
+			input: []types.ConfigMapArgs{{
 				Name: "fileConfigMap",
-				DataSources: manifest.DataSources{
+				DataSources: types.DataSources{
 					FileSources: []string{"app-init.ini"},
 				},
 			},
@@ -108,10 +108,10 @@ BAR=baz
 		},
 		{
 			description: "construct config map from literal",
-			input: []manifest.ConfigMapArgs{
+			input: []types.ConfigMapArgs{
 				{
 					Name: "literalConfigMap",
-					DataSources: manifest.DataSources{
+					DataSources: types.DataSources{
 						LiteralSources: []string{"a=x", "b=y"},
 					},
 				},
diff --git a/resource/secret.go b/resource/secret.go
index f97229751..b76c1784a 100644
--- a/resource/secret.go
+++ b/resource/secret.go
@@ -24,10 +24,10 @@ import (
 	"time"
 
 	corev1 "k8s.io/api/core/v1"
-	manifest "k8s.io/kubectl/pkg/apis/manifest/v1alpha1"
+	"k8s.io/kubectl/pkg/kustomize/types"
 )
 
-func newFromSecretGenerator(p string, s manifest.SecretArgs) (*Resource, error) {
+func newFromSecretGenerator(p string, s types.SecretArgs) (*Resource, error) {
 	corev1secret := &corev1.Secret{}
 	corev1secret.APIVersion = "v1"
 	corev1secret.Kind = "Secret"
@@ -70,7 +70,7 @@ func createSecretKey(wd string, command string) ([]byte, error) {
 
 // NewFromSecretGenerators takes a SecretGenerator slice and executes its command in directory p
 // then writes the output to a Resource slice and return it.
-func NewFromSecretGenerators(p string, secretList []manifest.SecretArgs) (ResourceCollection, error) {
+func NewFromSecretGenerators(p string, secretList []types.SecretArgs) (ResourceCollection, error) {
 	allResources := []*Resource{}
 	for _, secret := range secretList {
 		res, err := newFromSecretGenerator(p, secret)
diff --git a/resource/secret_test.go b/resource/secret_test.go
index 50b8b001a..1b71848c1 100644
--- a/resource/secret_test.go
+++ b/resource/secret_test.go
@@ -24,11 +24,11 @@ import (
 	corev1 "k8s.io/api/core/v1"
 	"k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/apis/meta/v1/unstructured"
 	"k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/runtime/schema"
-	manifest "k8s.io/kubectl/pkg/apis/manifest/v1alpha1"
+	"k8s.io/kubectl/pkg/kustomize/types"
 )
 
 func TestNewFromSecretGenerators(t *testing.T) {
-	secrets := []manifest.SecretArgs{
+	secrets := []types.SecretArgs{
 		{
 			Name: "secret",
 			Commands: map[string]string{
diff --git a/types/manifest.go b/types/manifest.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..21b5ee068
--- /dev/null
+++ b/types/manifest.go
@@ -0,0 +1,137 @@
+/*
+Copyright 2017 The Kubernetes Authors.
+
+Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+limitations under the License.
+*/
+
+package types
+
+// Manifest has all the information to expand of generate the k8s api resources.
+// It can be used by kubectl or some other tooling.
+// A manifest could be either a Base or an Overlay.
+// TODO: rename Manifest to Kustomization
+type Manifest struct {
+	// KustomizationName is a documentation field - a name for the customizations
+	// in a marshalled version of this struct, that survives YAML unmarshalling
+	// that discards comments.
+	KustomizationName string `json:"kustomizationName,omitempty" yaml:"kustomizationName,omitempty"`
+
+	// NamePrefix will prefix the names of all resources mentioned in the manifest
+	// including generated configmaps and secrets.
+	NamePrefix string `json:"namePrefix,omitempty" yaml:"namePrefix,omitempty"`
+
+	// Labels to add to all objects and selectors.
+	// These labels would also be used to form the selector for apply --prune
+	// Named differently than “labels” to avoid confusion with metadata for
+	// this object
+	ObjectLabels map[string]string `json:"objectLabels,omitempty" yaml:"objectLabels,omitempty"`
+
+	// Annotations to add to all objects.
+	ObjectAnnotations map[string]string `json:"objectAnnotations,omitempty" yaml:"objectAnnotations,omitempty"`
+
+	// Bases contain the paths to other packages that this manifest depends on.
+	// Each path should be either a path to a kustomize.yaml or a path of
+	// a directory that contains a kustomize.yaml file.
+	Bases []string `json:"bases,omitempty" yaml:"bases,omitempty"`
+
+	// Resources specifies the relative paths within the package.
+	// It could be any format that kubectl -f allows, i.e. files, directories,
+	// URLs and globs.
+	Resources []string `json:"resources,omitempty" yaml:"resources,omitempty"`
+
+	// An Patch entry is very similar to an Resource entry.
+	// It specifies the relative paths within the package, and could be any
+	// format that kubectl -f allows.
+	// It should be able to be merged by Strategic Merge Patch on top of its
+	// corresponding base resource.
+	Patches []string `json:"patches,omitempty" yaml:"patches,omitempty"`
+
+	// List of configmaps to generate from configuration sources.
+	// Base/overlay concept doesn't apply to this field.
+	// If a configmap want to have a base and an overlay, it should go to Bases
+	// and Overlays fields.
+	ConfigMapGenerator []ConfigMapArgs `json:"configMapGenerator,omitempty" yaml:"configMapGenerator,omitempty"`
+
+	// List of secrets to generate from secret commands.
+	// Base/overlay concept doesn't apply to this field.
+	// If a secret want to have a base and an overlay, it should go to Bases and
+	// Overlays fields.
+	SecretGenerator []SecretArgs `json:"secretGenerator,omitempty" yaml:"secretGenerator,omitempty"`
+}
+
+// ConfigMapArg contains the metadata of how to generate a configmap.
+type ConfigMapArgs struct {
+	// Name of the configmap.
+	// The full name should be Manifest.NamePrefix + Configmap.Name +
+	// hash(content of configmap).
+	Name string `json:"name,omitempty" yaml:"name,omitempty"`
+
+	// Behavior of configmap, must be one of create, merge and replace
+	// 'create': create a new one;
+	// 'replace': replace the existing one;
+	// 'merge': merge the existing one.
+	Behavior string `json:"behavior,omitempty" yaml:"behavior,omitempty"`
+
+	// DataSources for configmap.
+	DataSources `json:",inline,omitempty" yaml:",inline,omitempty"`
+}
+
+// SecretGenerator contains the metadata of how to generate a secret.
+type SecretArgs struct {
+	// Name of the secret.
+	// The full name should be Manifest.NamePrefix + SecretGenerator.Name +
+	// hash(content of secret).
+	Name string `json:"name,omitempty" yaml:"name,omitempty"`
+
+	// Behavior of secretGenerator, must be one of create, merge and replace
+	// 'create': create a new one;
+	// 'replace': replace the existing one;
+	// 'merge': merge the existing one.
+	Behavior string `json:"behavior,omitempty" yaml:"behavior,omitempty"`
+
+	// Type of the secret.
+	//
+	// This is the same field as the secret type field in v1/Secret:
+	// It can be "Opaque" (default), or "kubernetes.io/tls".
+	//
+	// If type is "kubernetes.io/tls", then "Commands" must have exactly two
+	// keys: "tls.key" and "tls.crt"
+	Type string `json:"type,omitempty" yaml:"type,omitempty"`
+
+	// Map of keys to commands to generate the values
+	Commands map[string]string `json:",commands,omitempty" yaml:",inline,omitempty"`
+}
+
+// DataSources contains some generic sources for configmap or secret.
+// Only one field can be set.
+type DataSources struct {
+	// LiteralSources is a list of literal sources.
+	// Each literal source should be a key and literal value,
+	// e.g. `somekey=somevalue`
+	// It will be similar to kubectl create configmap|secret --from-literal
+	LiteralSources []string `json:"literals,omitempty" yaml:"literals,omitempty"`
+
+	// FileSources is a list of file sources.
+	// Each file source can be specified using its file path, in which case file
+	// basename will be used as configmap key, or optionally with a key and file
+	// path, in which case the given key will be used.
+	// Specifying a directory will iterate each named file in the directory
+	// whose basename is a valid configmap key.
+	// It will be similar to kubectl create configmap|secret --from-file
+	FileSources []string `json:"files,omitempty" yaml:"files,omitempty"`
+
+	// EnvSource format should be a path to a file to read lines of key=val
+	// pairs to create a configmap.
+	// i.e. a Docker .env file or a .ini file.
+	EnvSource string `json:"env,omitempty" yaml:"env,omitempty"`
+}