Merge pull request #643 from monopole/moarTests

More fully in-memory integration tests.

pkg/commands/build/testdata/testcase-multibases-conflict/base/kustomization.yaml

@@ -1,7 +0,0 @@
-apiVersion: v1
-kind: Kustomization
-resources:
-- serviceaccount.yaml
-- rolebinding.yaml
-namePrefix: base-
-nameSuffix: -suffix

pkg/commands/build/testdata/testcase-multibases-conflict/base/rolebinding.yaml

@@ -1,11 +0,0 @@
-apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1beta1
-kind: RoleBinding
-metadata:
-  name: rolebinding
-roleRef:
-  apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
-  kind: Role
-  name: role
-subjects:
-- kind: ServiceAccount
-  name: serviceaccount

pkg/commands/build/testdata/testcase-multibases-conflict/base/serviceaccount.yaml

@@ -1,4 +0,0 @@
-apiVersion: v1
-kind: ServiceAccount
-metadata:
-  name: serviceaccount

pkg/commands/build/testdata/testcase-multibases-conflict/combined/kustomization.yaml

@@ -1,5 +0,0 @@
-apiVersion: v1
-kind: Kustomization
-bases:
-- ../overlays/a
-- ../overlays/b

pkg/commands/build/testdata/testcase-multibases-conflict/overlays/a/kustomization.yaml

@@ -1,10 +0,0 @@
-apiVersion: v1
-kind: Kustomization
-bases:
-- ../../base/
-
-namePrefix: a-
-nameSuffix: -suffixA
-
-resources:
-- serviceaccount.yaml

pkg/commands/build/testdata/testcase-multibases-conflict/overlays/a/serviceaccount.yaml

@@ -1,4 +0,0 @@
-apiVersion: v1
-kind: ServiceAccount
-metadata:
-  name: serviceaccount

pkg/commands/build/testdata/testcase-multibases-conflict/overlays/b/kustomization.yaml

@@ -1,7 +0,0 @@
-apiVersion: v1
-kind: Kustomization
-bases:
-- ../../base/
-
-namePrefix: b-
-nameSuffix: -suffixB

pkg/commands/build/testdata/testcase-multibases-conflict/test.yaml

@@ -1,4 +0,0 @@
-description: multibases with name reference
-args: []
-filename: testdata/testcase-multibases-conflict/combined
-expectedError: Multiple matches for name ~G_v1_ServiceAccount

pkg/commands/build/testdata/testcase-multibases-nonconflict/base/kustomization.yaml

@@ -1,7 +0,0 @@
-apiVersion: v1
-kind: Kustomization
-resources:
-- serviceaccount.yaml
-- rolebinding.yaml
-namePrefix: base-
-nameSuffix: -suffix

pkg/commands/build/testdata/testcase-multibases-nonconflict/base/rolebinding.yaml

@@ -1,11 +0,0 @@
-apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1beta1
-kind: RoleBinding
-metadata:
-  name: rolebinding
-roleRef:
-  apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
-  kind: Role
-  name: role
-subjects:
-- kind: ServiceAccount
-  name: serviceaccount

pkg/commands/build/testdata/testcase-multibases-nonconflict/base/serviceaccount.yaml

@@ -1,4 +0,0 @@
-apiVersion: v1
-kind: ServiceAccount
-metadata:
-  name: serviceaccount

pkg/commands/build/testdata/testcase-multibases-nonconflict/combined/kustomization.yaml

@@ -1,5 +0,0 @@
-apiVersion: v1
-kind: Kustomization
-bases:
-- ../overlays/a
-- ../overlays/b

pkg/commands/build/testdata/testcase-multibases-nonconflict/expected.yaml

@@ -1,33 +0,0 @@
-apiVersion: v1
-kind: ServiceAccount
-metadata:
-  name: a-base-serviceaccount-suffix-suffixA
----
-apiVersion: v1
-kind: ServiceAccount
-metadata:
-  name: b-base-serviceaccount-suffix-suffixB
----
-apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1beta1
-kind: RoleBinding
-metadata:
-  name: a-base-rolebinding-suffix-suffixA
-roleRef:
-  apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
-  kind: Role
-  name: role
-subjects:
-- kind: ServiceAccount
-  name: a-base-serviceaccount-suffix-suffixA
----
-apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1beta1
-kind: RoleBinding
-metadata:
-  name: b-base-rolebinding-suffix-suffixB
-roleRef:
-  apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
-  kind: Role
-  name: role
-subjects:
-- kind: ServiceAccount
-  name: b-base-serviceaccount-suffix-suffixB

pkg/commands/build/testdata/testcase-multibases-nonconflict/overlays/a/kustomization.yaml

@@ -1,7 +0,0 @@
-apiVersion: v1
-kind: Kustomization
-bases:
-- ../../base/
-
-namePrefix: a-
-nameSuffix: -suffixA

pkg/commands/build/testdata/testcase-multibases-nonconflict/overlays/b/kustomization.yaml

@@ -1,7 +0,0 @@
-apiVersion: v1
-kind: Kustomization
-bases:
-- ../../base/
-
-namePrefix: b-
-nameSuffix: -suffixB

pkg/commands/build/testdata/testcase-multibases-nonconflict/test.yaml

@@ -1,4 +0,0 @@
-description: multibases with name reference
-args: []
-filename: testdata/testcase-multibases-nonconflict/combined
-expectedStdout: testdata/testcase-multibases-nonconflict/expected.yaml

pkg/target/baseandoverlaymedium_test.go

@@ -84,7 +84,6 @@ spec:
         ports:
         - containerPort: 80
 `)
-
 }
 
 func TestBigBase(t *testing.T) {
@@ -101,7 +100,7 @@ func TestBigBase(t *testing.T) {
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Fatalf("Err: %v", err)
 	}
-	expected := `apiVersion: v1
+	assertExpectedEqualsActual(t, s, `apiVersion: v1
 kind: Service
 metadata:
   annotations:
@@ -147,11 +146,7 @@ spec:
         name: nginx
         ports:
         - containerPort: 80
-`
-	if string(s) != expected {
-		t.Fatalf("Actual results:\n%s\nnot equal to expected:\n%s\n",
-			s, expected)
-	}
+`)
 }
 
 func TestBigOverlay(t *testing.T) {
@@ -224,7 +219,118 @@ spec:
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Fatalf("Err: %v", err)
 	}
-	if m == nil {
-		t.Fatalf("Empty map.")
+	s, err := m.EncodeAsYaml()
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("Unexpected err: %v", err)
 	}
+	assertExpectedEqualsActual(t, s, `apiVersion: v1
+data:
+  app-init.ini: |2
+
+    FOO=bar
+    BAR=baz
+kind: ConfigMap
+metadata:
+  annotations:
+    note: This is a test annotation
+  labels:
+    app: mungebot
+    org: kubernetes
+    repo: test-infra
+  name: test-infra-app-config-fd62mfc87h
+---
+apiVersion: v1
+data:
+  DB_PASSWORD: somepw
+  DB_USERNAME: admin
+kind: ConfigMap
+metadata:
+  annotations:
+    note: This is a test annotation
+  labels:
+    app: mungebot
+    org: kubernetes
+    repo: test-infra
+  name: test-infra-app-env-bh449c299k
+---
+apiVersion: v1
+kind: Service
+metadata:
+  annotations:
+    baseAnno: This is a base annotation
+    note: This is a test annotation
+  labels:
+    app: mungebot
+    foo: bar
+    org: kubernetes
+    repo: test-infra
+  name: test-infra-baseprefix-mungebot-service
+spec:
+  ports:
+  - port: 7002
+  selector:
+    app: mungebot
+    foo: bar
+    org: kubernetes
+    repo: test-infra
+---
+apiVersion: extensions/v1beta1
+kind: Deployment
+metadata:
+  annotations:
+    baseAnno: This is a base annotation
+    note: This is a test annotation
+  labels:
+    app: mungebot
+    foo: bar
+    org: kubernetes
+    repo: test-infra
+  name: test-infra-baseprefix-mungebot
+spec:
+  replicas: 2
+  selector:
+    matchLabels:
+      app: mungebot
+      foo: bar
+      org: kubernetes
+      repo: test-infra
+  template:
+    metadata:
+      annotations:
+        baseAnno: This is a base annotation
+        note: This is a test annotation
+      labels:
+        app: mungebot
+        foo: bar
+        org: kubernetes
+        repo: test-infra
+    spec:
+      containers:
+      - env:
+        - name: FOO
+          valueFrom:
+            configMapKeyRef:
+              key: somekey
+              name: test-infra-app-env-bh449c299k
+        - name: foo
+          value: bar
+        image: nginx:1.8.0
+        name: nginx
+        ports:
+        - containerPort: 80
+      - envFrom:
+        - configMapRef:
+            name: someConfigMap
+        - configMapRef:
+            name: test-infra-app-env-bh449c299k
+        image: busybox
+        name: busybox
+        volumeMounts:
+        - mountPath: /tmp/env
+          name: app-env
+      volumes:
+      - configMap:
+          name: test-infra-app-env-bh449c299k
+        name: app-env
+`)
 }

pkg/target/kusttarget_test.go

@@ -18,16 +18,12 @@ package target
 
 import (
 	"encoding/base64"
-	"path/filepath"
 	"reflect"
 	"sort"
 	"strings"
 	"testing"
 
 	"sigs.k8s.io/kustomize/k8sdeps/kunstruct"
-	"sigs.k8s.io/kustomize/k8sdeps/transformer"
-	"sigs.k8s.io/kustomize/pkg/constants"
-	"sigs.k8s.io/kustomize/pkg/fs"
 	"sigs.k8s.io/kustomize/pkg/gvk"
 	"sigs.k8s.io/kustomize/pkg/ifc"
 	"sigs.k8s.io/kustomize/pkg/internal/loadertest"
@@ -98,53 +94,24 @@ metadata:
 var rf = resmap.NewFactory(resource.NewFactory(
 	kunstruct.NewKunstructuredFactoryImpl()))
 
-func makeKustTarget(t *testing.T, l ifc.Loader) *KustTarget {
-	// Warning: the following filesystem - a fake - must be rooted at /.
-	// This fs root is used as the working directory for the shell spawned by
-	// the secretgenerator, and has nothing to do with the filesystem used
-	// to load relative paths from the fake filesystem.
-	// This trick only works for secret generator commands that don't actually
-	// try to read the file system, because these tests don't write to the
-	// real "/" directory.  See use of exec package in the secretfactory.
-	fakeFs := fs.MakeFakeFS()
-	fakeFs.Mkdir("/")
-	kt, err := NewKustTarget(
-		l, fakeFs, rf, transformer.NewFactoryImpl())
-	if err != nil {
-		t.Fatalf("Unexpected construction error %v", err)
-	}
-	return kt
-}
-
-func makeLoader1(t *testing.T) ifc.Loader {
-	ldr := loadertest.NewFakeLoader("/testpath")
-	err := ldr.AddFile("/testpath/"+constants.KustomizationFileName, []byte(kustomizationContent1))
-	if err != nil {
-		t.Fatalf("Failed to setup fake ldr.")
-	}
-	err = ldr.AddFile("/testpath/deployment.yaml", []byte(deploymentContent))
-	if err != nil {
-		t.Fatalf("Failed to setup fake ldr.")
-	}
-	err = ldr.AddFile("/testpath/namespace.yaml", []byte(namespaceContent))
-	if err != nil {
-		t.Fatalf("Failed to setup fake ldr.")
-	}
-	err = ldr.AddFile("/testpath/jsonpatch.json", []byte(jsonpatchContent))
-	if err != nil {
-		t.Fatalf("Failed to setup fake ldr.")
-	}
-	return ldr
-}
-
 var deploy = gvk.Gvk{Group: "apps", Version: "v1", Kind: "Deployment"}
 var cmap = gvk.Gvk{Version: "v1", Kind: "ConfigMap"}
 var secret = gvk.Gvk{Version: "v1", Kind: "Secret"}
 var ns = gvk.Gvk{Version: "v1", Kind: "Namespace"}
 
+func makeALoader(t *testing.T) ifc.Loader {
+	ldr := loadertest.NewFakeLoader("/testpath")
+	writeK(t, ldr, "/testpath/", kustomizationContent1)
+	writeF(t, ldr, "/testpath/deployment.yaml", deploymentContent)
+	writeF(t, ldr, "/testpath/namespace.yaml", namespaceContent)
+	writeF(t, ldr, "/testpath/jsonpatch.json", jsonpatchContent)
+	return ldr
+}
+
 func TestResources1(t *testing.T) {
 	expected := resmap.ResMap{
-		resid.NewResIdWithPrefixSuffixNamespace(deploy, "dply1", "foo-", "-bar", "ns1"): rf.RF().FromMap(
+		resid.NewResIdWithPrefixSuffixNamespace(
+			deploy, "dply1", "foo-", "-bar", "ns1"): rf.RF().FromMap(
 			map[string]interface{}{
 				"apiVersion": "apps/v1",
 				"kind":       "Deployment",
@@ -177,7 +144,8 @@ func TestResources1(t *testing.T) {
 					},
 				},
 			}),
-		resid.NewResIdWithPrefixSuffixNamespace(cmap, "literalConfigMap", "foo-", "-bar", "ns1"): rf.RF().FromMap(
+		resid.NewResIdWithPrefixSuffixNamespace(
+			cmap, "literalConfigMap", "foo-", "-bar", "ns1"): rf.RF().FromMap(
 			map[string]interface{}{
 				"apiVersion": "v1",
 				"kind":       "ConfigMap",
@@ -196,7 +164,8 @@ func TestResources1(t *testing.T) {
 					"DB_PASSWORD": "somepw",
 				},
 			}).SetBehavior(ifc.BehaviorCreate),
-		resid.NewResIdWithPrefixSuffixNamespace(secret, "secret", "foo-", "-bar", "ns1"): rf.RF().FromMap(
+		resid.NewResIdWithPrefixSuffixNamespace(
+			secret, "secret", "foo-", "-bar", "ns1"): rf.RF().FromMap(
 			map[string]interface{}{
 				"apiVersion": "v1",
 				"kind":       "Secret",
@@ -216,7 +185,8 @@ func TestResources1(t *testing.T) {
 					"DB_PASSWORD": base64.StdEncoding.EncodeToString([]byte("somepw")),
 				},
 			}).SetBehavior(ifc.BehaviorCreate),
-		resid.NewResIdWithPrefixSuffixNamespace(ns, "ns1", "foo-", "-bar", ""): rf.RF().FromMap(
+		resid.NewResIdWithPrefixSuffixNamespace(
+			ns, "ns1", "foo-", "-bar", ""): rf.RF().FromMap(
 			map[string]interface{}{
 				"apiVersion": "v1",
 				"kind":       "Namespace",
@@ -232,7 +202,7 @@ func TestResources1(t *testing.T) {
 			}),
 	}
 	actual, err := makeKustTarget(
-		t, makeLoader1(t)).MakeCustomizedResMap()
+		t, makeALoader(t)).MakeCustomizedResMap()
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Fatalf("unexpected Resources error %v", err)
 	}
@@ -245,11 +215,8 @@ func TestResources1(t *testing.T) {
 
 func TestResourceNotFound(t *testing.T) {
 	l := loadertest.NewFakeLoader("/testpath")
-	err := l.AddFile("/testpath/"+constants.KustomizationFileName, []byte(kustomizationContent1))
-	if err != nil {
-		t.Fatalf("Failed to setup fake ldr.")
-	}
-	_, err = makeKustTarget(t, l).MakeCustomizedResMap()
+	writeK(t, l, "/testpath", kustomizationContent1)
+	_, err := makeKustTarget(t, l).MakeCustomizedResMap()
 	if err == nil {
 		t.Fatalf("Didn't get the expected error for an unknown resource")
 	}
@@ -260,11 +227,8 @@ func TestResourceNotFound(t *testing.T) {
 
 func TestSecretTimeout(t *testing.T) {
 	l := loadertest.NewFakeLoader("/testpath")
-	err := l.AddFile("/testpath/"+constants.KustomizationFileName, []byte(kustomizationContent2))
-	if err != nil {
-		t.Fatalf("Failed to setup fake ldr.")
-	}
-	_, err = makeKustTarget(t, l).MakeCustomizedResMap()
+	writeK(t, l, "/testpath", kustomizationContent2)
+	_, err := makeKustTarget(t, l).MakeCustomizedResMap()
 	if err == nil {
 		t.Fatalf("Didn't get the expected error for an unknown resource")
 	}
@@ -283,7 +247,7 @@ func findSecret(m resmap.ResMap) *resource.Resource {
 }
 
 func TestDisableNameSuffixHash(t *testing.T) {
-	kt := makeKustTarget(t, makeLoader1(t))
+	kt := makeKustTarget(t, makeALoader(t))
 
 	m, err := kt.MakeCustomizedResMap()
 	if err != nil {
@@ -312,21 +276,6 @@ func TestDisableNameSuffixHash(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 }
 
-func writeF(t *testing.T, ldr loadertest.FakeLoader, dir string, content string) {
-	err := ldr.AddFile(dir, []byte(content))
-	if err != nil {
-		t.Fatalf("failed write to %s; %v", dir, err)
-	}
-}
-
-func writeK(
-	t *testing.T, ldr loadertest.FakeLoader, dir string, content string) {
-	writeF(t, ldr, filepath.Join(dir, constants.KustomizationFileName), `
-apiVersion: v1
-kind: Kustomization
-`+content)
-}
-
 func TestIssue596AllowDirectoriesThatAreSubstringsOfEachOther(t *testing.T) {
 	ldr := loadertest.NewFakeLoader(
 		"/app/overlays/aws-sandbox2.us-east-1")

pkg/target/resourceconflict_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,153 @@
+/*
+Copyright 2018 The Kubernetes Authors.
+
+Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+limitations under the License.
+*/
+
+package target
+
+import (
+	"strings"
+	"testing"
+
+	"sigs.k8s.io/kustomize/pkg/internal/loadertest"
+)
+
+func writeCombinedOverlays(t *testing.T, ldr loadertest.FakeLoader) {
+	// Base
+	writeK(t, ldr, "/app/base", `
+resources:
+- serviceaccount.yaml
+- rolebinding.yaml
+namePrefix: base-
+nameSuffix: -suffix
+`)
+	writeF(t, ldr, "/app/base/rolebinding.yaml", `
+apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1beta1
+kind: RoleBinding
+metadata:
+  name: rolebinding
+roleRef:
+  apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
+  kind: Role
+  name: role
+subjects:
+- kind: ServiceAccount
+  name: serviceaccount
+`)
+	writeF(t, ldr, "/app/base/serviceaccount.yaml", `
+apiVersion: v1
+kind: ServiceAccount
+metadata:
+  name: serviceaccount
+`)
+
+	// Mid-level overlays
+	writeK(t, ldr, "/app/overlays/a", `
+bases:
+- ../../base
+namePrefix: a-
+nameSuffix: -suffixA
+`)
+	writeK(t, ldr, "/app/overlays/b", `
+bases:
+- ../../base
+namePrefix: b-
+nameSuffix: -suffixB
+`)
+
+	// Top overlay, combining the mid-level overlays
+	writeK(t, ldr, "/app/combined", `
+bases:
+- ../overlays/a
+- ../overlays/b
+`)
+}
+
+func TestMultibasesNoConflict(t *testing.T) {
+	ldr := loadertest.NewFakeLoader("/app/combined")
+	writeCombinedOverlays(t, ldr)
+	m, err := makeKustTarget(t, ldr).MakeCustomizedResMap()
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("Unexpected err: %v", err)
+	}
+	s, err := m.EncodeAsYaml()
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("Unexpected err: %v", err)
+	}
+	assertExpectedEqualsActual(t, s, `apiVersion: v1
+kind: ServiceAccount
+metadata:
+  name: a-base-serviceaccount-suffix-suffixA
+---
+apiVersion: v1
+kind: ServiceAccount
+metadata:
+  name: b-base-serviceaccount-suffix-suffixB
+---
+apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1beta1
+kind: RoleBinding
+metadata:
+  name: a-base-rolebinding-suffix-suffixA
+roleRef:
+  apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
+  kind: Role
+  name: role
+subjects:
+- kind: ServiceAccount
+  name: a-base-serviceaccount-suffix-suffixA
+---
+apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1beta1
+kind: RoleBinding
+metadata:
+  name: b-base-rolebinding-suffix-suffixB
+roleRef:
+  apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
+  kind: Role
+  name: role
+subjects:
+- kind: ServiceAccount
+  name: b-base-serviceaccount-suffix-suffixB
+`)
+}
+
+func TestMultibasesWithConflict(t *testing.T) {
+	ldr := loadertest.NewFakeLoader("/app/combined")
+	writeCombinedOverlays(t, ldr)
+
+	writeK(t, ldr, "/app/overlays/a", `
+bases:
+- ../../base
+namePrefix: a-
+nameSuffix: -suffixA
+resources:
+- serviceaccount.yaml
+`)
+	// Expect an error because this resource in the overlay
+	// matches a resource in the base.
+	writeF(t, ldr, "/app/overlays/a/serviceaccount.yaml", `
+apiVersion: v1
+kind: ServiceAccount
+metadata:
+  name: serviceaccount
+`)
+
+	_, err := makeKustTarget(t, ldr).MakeCustomizedResMap()
+	if err == nil {
+		t.Fatalf("Expected resource conflict.")
+	}
+	if !strings.Contains(
+		err.Error(), "Multiple matches for name ~G_v1_ServiceAccount") {
+		t.Fatalf("Unexpected err: %v", err)
+	}
+}

pkg/target/utils_for_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,131 @@
+/*
+Copyright 2018 The Kubernetes Authors.
+
+Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+limitations under the License.
+*/
+
+package target
+
+// A collection of utilities used in target tests.
+
+import (
+	"fmt"
+	"path/filepath"
+	"strings"
+	"testing"
+
+	"sigs.k8s.io/kustomize/k8sdeps/transformer"
+	"sigs.k8s.io/kustomize/pkg/constants"
+	"sigs.k8s.io/kustomize/pkg/fs"
+	"sigs.k8s.io/kustomize/pkg/ifc"
+	"sigs.k8s.io/kustomize/pkg/internal/loadertest"
+)
+
+func makeKustTarget(t *testing.T, l ifc.Loader) *KustTarget {
+	// Warning: the following filesystem - a fake - must be rooted at /.
+	// This fs root is used as the working directory for the shell spawned by
+	// the secretgenerator, and has nothing to do with the filesystem used
+	// to load relative paths from the fake filesystem.
+	// This trick only works for secret generator commands that don't actually
+	// try to read the file system, because these tests don't write to the
+	// real "/" directory.  See use of exec package in the secretfactory.
+	fakeFs := fs.MakeFakeFS()
+	fakeFs.Mkdir("/")
+	kt, err := NewKustTarget(
+		l, fakeFs, rf, transformer.NewFactoryImpl())
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("Unexpected construction error %v", err)
+	}
+	return kt
+}
+
+func writeF(
+	t *testing.T, ldr loadertest.FakeLoader, dir string, content string) {
+	err := ldr.AddFile(dir, []byte(content))
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("failed write to %s; %v", dir, err)
+	}
+}
+
+func writeK(
+	t *testing.T, ldr loadertest.FakeLoader, dir string, content string) {
+	writeF(t, ldr, filepath.Join(dir, constants.KustomizationFileName), `
+apiVersion: v1
+kind: Kustomization
+`+content)
+}
+
+func tabToSpace(input string) string {
+	var result []string
+	for _, i := range input {
+		if i == 9 {
+			result = append(result, "  ")
+		} else {
+			result = append(result, string(i))
+		}
+	}
+	return strings.Join(result, "")
+}
+
+func convertToArray(x string) ([]string, int) {
+	a := strings.Split(strings.TrimSuffix(x, "\n"), "\n")
+	maxLen := 0
+	for i, v := range a {
+		z := tabToSpace(v)
+		if len(z) > maxLen {
+			maxLen = len(z)
+		}
+		a[i] = z
+	}
+	return a, maxLen
+}
+
+func hint(a, b string) string {
+	if a == b {
+		return " "
+	}
+	return "X"
+}
+
+// Pretty printing of file differences.
+func assertExpectedEqualsActual(t *testing.T, actual []byte, expected string) {
+	if expected == string(actual) {
+		return
+	}
+	sE, maxLen := convertToArray(expected)
+	sA, _ := convertToArray(string(actual))
+	format := fmt.Sprintf("%%s  %%-%ds %%s\n", maxLen+4)
+
+	limit := 0
+	if len(sE) < len(sA) {
+		limit = len(sE)
+	} else {
+		limit = len(sA)
+	}
+
+	fmt.Printf(format, " ", "EXPECTED", "ACTUAL")
+	fmt.Printf(format, " ", "--------", "------")
+	for i := 0; i < limit; i++ {
+		fmt.Printf(format, hint(sE[i], sA[i]), sE[i], sA[i])
+	}
+	if len(sE) < len(sA) {
+		for i := len(sE); i < len(sA); i++ {
+			fmt.Printf(format, "X", "", sA[i])
+		}
+	} else {
+		for i := len(sA); i < len(sE); i++ {
+			fmt.Printf(format, "X", sE[i], "")
+		}
+	}
+	t.Fatalf("Expected not equal to actual")
+}