Merge pull request #6138 from dims/update-kube-openapi

bump k8s.io/kube-openapi, drop github.com/mailru/easyjson

.dockerignore

@@ -1,7 +1,5 @@
 .github
 docs
 examples
-hack
-site
 travis
 *.md

.github/dependabot.yml

@@ -4,3 +4,11 @@ updates:
   directory: "/"
   schedule:
       interval: "weekly"
+
+- package-ecosystem: gomod
+  directory: "/"
+  schedule:
+    interval: "weekly"
+  open-pull-requests-limit: 10
+  vulnerability-alerts:
+    enabled: true

.github/workflows/apidiff.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+name: APIDiff
+
+# Trigger the workflow on pull requests and direct pushes to any branch
+on:
+  push:
+  pull_request:
+
+jobs:
+  go-apidiff:
+    name: Verify API differences
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    # Pull requests from different repository only trigger this checks
+    if: (github.event_name == 'pull_request' && github.event.pull_request.head.repo.full_name != github.repository)
+    steps:
+      - name: Clone the code
+        uses: actions/checkout@de0fac2e4500dabe0009e67214ff5f5447ce83dd
+        with:
+          fetch-depth: 0
+      - name: Setup Go
+        uses: actions/setup-go@4a3601121dd01d1626a1e23e37211e3254c1c06c
+        with:
+          go-version-file: go.work
+      - name: Execute go-apidiff
+        uses: joelanford/go-apidiff@60c4206be8f84348ebda2a3e0c3ac9cb54b8f685
+        with:
+          compare-imports: true
+          print-compatible: true
+      - name: Report failure
+        uses: nashmaniac/create-issue-action@6814b79f58a9e25070c226b0c847e67b0c06efdd
+        # Only report failures of pushes (PRs have are visible through the Checks section) to the default branch
+        if: failure() && github.event_name == 'push' && github.ref == 'refs/heads/master'
+        with:
+          title: 🐛 go-apidiff failed for ${{ github.sha }}
+          token: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+          labels: kind/bug
+          body: https://github.com/${{ github.repository }}/actions/runs/${{ github.run_id }}

.github/workflows/go.yml

@@ -2,86 +2,157 @@ name: Go
 
 on:
   push:
-    branches: [ master ]
+    branches: [master]
   pull_request:
-    branches: [ master ]
+    branches: [master]
 
 permissions:
   contents: read
 
 jobs:
-  lint:
-    name: Lint
+  ## TODO: conditional-changes checker is not working
+  conditional-changes:
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    permissions:
+      pull-requests: read
+    outputs:
+      doc: ${{ steps.filter.outputs.doc }}
+    steps:
+    - uses: actions/checkout@de0fac2e4500dabe0009e67214ff5f5447ce83dd
+    - uses: dorny/paths-filter@fbd0ab8f3e69293af611ebaee6363fc25e6d187d
+      id: filter
+      with:
+        filters: |
+          doc:
+            - 'site/**'
+
+  check-modules:
+    name: check-synced-go-modules
+    # needs: conditional-changes
+    # if: needs.conditional-changes.outputs.doc == 'false'
     runs-on: [ubuntu-latest]
     steps:
     - name: Check out code into the Go module directory
-      uses: actions/checkout@v3
+      uses: actions/checkout@de0fac2e4500dabe0009e67214ff5f5447ce83dd
       with:
         fetch-depth: 0
     - name: Set up Go 1.x
-      uses: actions/setup-go@v3
+      uses: actions/setup-go@4a3601121dd01d1626a1e23e37211e3254c1c06c
       with:
         go-version-file: go.work
+        cache: true
+        cache-dependency-path: |
+          **/go.sum
+      id: go
+    - name: sync go modules
+      run: make workspace-sync
+    - name: check for changes with 'make workspace-sync'
+      run: git diff --exit-code
+
+  lint:
+    name: Lint
+    # needs: conditional-changes
+    # if: needs.conditional-changes.outputs.doc == 'false'
+    runs-on: [ubuntu-latest]
+    steps:
+    - name: Check out code into the Go module directory
+      uses: actions/checkout@de0fac2e4500dabe0009e67214ff5f5447ce83dd
+      with:
+        fetch-depth: 0
+    - name: Set up Go 1.x
+      uses: actions/setup-go@4a3601121dd01d1626a1e23e37211e3254c1c06c
+      with:
+        go-version-file: go.work
+        cache: true
+        cache-dependency-path: |
+          **/go.sum
       id: go
     - name: Lint
       run: make lint
     - name: Verify boilerplate
       run: make check-license
 
-  test-linux:
+  ## Test all modules without plugins and released modules
+  test-non-released-modules:
     name: Test Linux
+    # needs: conditional-changes
+    # if: needs.conditional-changes.outputs.doc == 'false'
     runs-on: [ubuntu-latest]
     steps:
     - name: Check out code into the Go module directory
-      uses: actions/checkout@v3
+      uses: actions/checkout@de0fac2e4500dabe0009e67214ff5f5447ce83dd
     - name: Set up Go 1.x
-      uses: actions/setup-go@v3
+      uses: actions/setup-go@4a3601121dd01d1626a1e23e37211e3254c1c06c
       with:
         go-version-file: go.work
+        cache: true
+        cache-dependency-path: |
+          **/go.sum
       id: go
-    - name: Test all modules
-      run: make test-unit-non-plugin
+    - name: Test all modules without plugins and released modules
+      run: make test-unit-non-plugin-and-non-released
       env:
         KUSTOMIZE_DOCKER_E2E: true
 
-  test-macos:
-    name: Test MacOS
-    runs-on: [macos-latest]
+  test-modules:
+    name: Test ${{ matrix.os }} - ${{ matrix.module }}
+    # needs: conditional-changes
+    # if: needs.conditional-changes.outputs.doc == 'false'
+    runs-on: ${{ matrix.os }}
+    strategy:
+      fail-fast: false
+      matrix:
+        os: [ubuntu-latest, macos-latest, windows-latest]
+        module:
+        - kyaml
+        - cmd/config
+        - api
+        - kustomize
+        include:
+        - module: kyaml
+          test-cmd: go test -race -v -cover ./...
+        - module: cmd/config
+          test-cmd: go test -v -cover ./...
+        - module: api
+          test-cmd: go test -v -cover ./... -ldflags "-X sigs.k8s.io/kustomize/api/provenance.buildDate=2023-01-31T23:38:41Z -X sigs.k8s.io/kustomize/api/provenance.version=(test)"
+        - module: kustomize
+          test-cmd: go test -v -cover ./...
+        - os: ubuntu-latest
+          docker-e2e: true
+        - os: macos-latest
+          docker-e2e: false
+        - os: windows-latest
+          docker-e2e: false
+    env:
+      KUSTOMIZE_DOCKER_E2E: ${{ matrix.docker-e2e }}
     steps:
     - name: Check out code into the Go module directory
-      uses: actions/checkout@v3
+      uses: actions/checkout@de0fac2e4500dabe0009e67214ff5f5447ce83dd
     - name: Set up Go 1.x
-      uses: actions/setup-go@v3
+      uses: actions/setup-go@4a3601121dd01d1626a1e23e37211e3254c1c06c
       with:
         go-version-file: go.work
+        cache: true
+        cache-dependency-path: |
+          **/go.sum
       id: go
-    - name: Test all modules
-      run: make test-unit-non-plugin
-      env:
-        KUSTOMIZE_DOCKER_E2E: false # docker not installed on mac
+    - name: Test ${{ matrix.module }}
+      run: ${{ matrix.test-cmd }}
+      # TODO (#4001): replace specific modules above with this once Windows tests are passing.
+      if: ${{ !(matrix.os == 'windows-latest' && (matrix.module == 'api' || matrix.module == 'kustomize')) }}
+      working-directory: ./${{ matrix.module }}
 
-  test-windows:
-    name: Test Windows
-    runs-on: [windows-latest]
+  # Aggregation matrix tests from test-modules for branch protection rules
+  test-modules-summary:
+    name: Test Summary
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    needs: test-modules
+    if: always()
     steps:
-    - name: Check out code into the Go module directory
-      uses: actions/checkout@v3
-    - name: Set up Go 1.x
-      uses: actions/setup-go@v3
-      with:
-        go-version-file: go.work
-      id: go
-    - name: Test kyaml
-      run: go test -cover ./...
-      working-directory: ./kyaml
-    - name: Test cmd/config
-      run: go test -cover ./...
-      working-directory: ./cmd/config
-      env:
-        KUSTOMIZE_DOCKER_E2E: false # docker on windows not working well yet
-
-    # TODO (#4001): replace specific modules above with this once Windows tests are passing.
-    #- name: Test all modules
-    #  run: make test-unit-non-plugin
-    #  env:
-    #    KUSTOMIZE_DOCKER_E2E: false # docker on windows not working well yet
+    - name: Check test results
+      run: |
+        if [[ "${{ needs.test-modules.result }}" != "success" ]]; then
+          echo "Some tests failed or were cancelled"
+          exit 1
+        fi
+        echo "All tests passed successfully"

.github/workflows/release.yaml

@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+name: release
+
+permissions:
+  contents: write # Allow actions to update dependabot PRs
+
+on:
+  push:
+    tags:
+      - kyaml/v*
+      - cmd/config/v*
+      - api/v*
+      - kustomize/v*
+
+jobs:
+  release:
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    steps:
+    - name: Check out code into the Go module directory
+      uses: actions/checkout@de0fac2e4500dabe0009e67214ff5f5447ce83dd
+      with:
+        fetch-depth: 0
+    - name: Set up Go 1.x
+      uses: actions/setup-go@4a3601121dd01d1626a1e23e37211e3254c1c06c
+      with:
+        go-version-file: go.work
+      id: go
+    - run: ./releasing/create-release.sh "${tag}"
+      env:
+        GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+        tag: ${{ github.ref_name }}

.gitignore

@@ -31,3 +31,4 @@ site/.hugo_build.lock
 
 # goreleaser artifacts
 **/dist/
+/output/

.golangci.yml

@@ -3,12 +3,13 @@
 
 run:
   deadline: 5m
-  go: '1.19'
+  go: "1.25"
 
 linters:
   enable-all: true
   disable:
     - cyclop
+    - depguard
     - exhaustivestruct
     - forbidigo
     - funlen
@@ -24,7 +25,9 @@ linters:
     - nlreturn
     - noctx
     - paralleltest
+    - perfsprint
     - stylecheck
+    - testifylint
     - varnamelen
     - wsl
     - exhaustruct
@@ -34,6 +37,16 @@ linters:
     - golint
     - maintidx
     - nosnakecase
+    - testpackage # it's better to keep tests in the same package for now because kustomize does open box testing
+    - structcheck # abandoned by author
+    - varcheck # abandoned by author
+    - maligned # abandoned by author
+    - interfacer # archived by author
+    # TODO(koba1t): temporarily disabled, will be addressed after upgrading to Go 1.24
+    - usetesting
+    - mnd
+    - copyloopvar
+    - intrange
 
 linters-settings:
   dupl:
@@ -44,14 +57,14 @@ linters-settings:
     min-complexity: 30
   revive:
     rules:
-    - name: var-naming
-      arguments:
-      - [ "ID", "API", "JSON" ] # AllowList
-      - [ ] # DenyList
+      - name: var-naming
+        arguments:
+          - ["ID", "API", "JSON"] # AllowList
+          - [] # DenyList
   gomnd:
     ignored-functions:
-    - os.WriteFile
-    - make
+      - os.WriteFile
+      - make
   gomoddirectives:
     replace-local: true
   gosec:

CONTRIBUTING.md

@@ -13,6 +13,7 @@
 [CNCF Code of Conduct]: https://github.com/cncf/foundation/blob/master/code-of-conduct.md
 [Kubernetes Community Membership]: https://github.com/kubernetes/community/blob/master/community-membership.md
 
+[Kustomize Architecture]: ARCHITECTURE.md
 [Contribution Guide]: https://kubectl.docs.kubernetes.io/contributing/kustomize/
 [MacOS Dev Guide]: https://kubectl.docs.kubernetes.io/contributing/kustomize/mac/
 [Windows Dev Guide]: https://kubectl.docs.kubernetes.io/contributing/kustomize/windows/
@@ -25,13 +26,113 @@ _As contributors and maintainers of this project, and in the interest of fosteri
 
 ## Getting Started
 
-Dev guides:
+### Forking Kustomize and Working Locally
+The Kustomize project uses a "Fork and Pull" workflow that is standard to GitHub. In git terms, your personal fork is referred to as the "origin" and the actual project's git repository is called "upstream". To keep your personal branch (origin) up to date with the project (upstream), it must be configured within your local working copy.
 
-- [Contribution Guide]
-- [MacOS Dev Guide]
-- [Windows Dev Guide]
+### Create a fork in GitHub
+1. Visit https://github.com/kubernetes-sigs/kustomize
+2. Click the `Fork` button on the top right
 
-General resources for contributors:
+### Clone the repository
+```bash
+# Clone your repository fork from the previous step
+git clone --recurse-submodules git@github.com:<your github username>/kustomize.git
+cd kustomize
+
+# Configure upstream
+git remote add upstream https://github.com/kubernetes-sigs/kustomize
+git remote set-url --push upstream no_push
+
+# Review git configuration
+git remote -v
+```
+
+### Create a working branch
+```bash
+# Fetch changes from upstream master
+cd kustomize
+git fetch upstream
+git checkout master
+git rebase upstream/master
+
+# Create your working branch
+git checkout -b myfeature
+```
+
+### Sync your working branch
+You will need to periodically fetch changes from the `upstream` repository to keep your working branch in sync.
+```bash
+cd kustomize
+git fetch upstream
+git checkout myfeature
+git rebase upstream/master
+```
+
+### Push to GitHub
+When your changes are ready for review, push your working branch to your fork on GitHub.
+```bash
+cd kustomize
+git push origin myfeature
+```
+
+### Pull Request Rules
+
+We are using [Conventional Commits v1.0.0](https://www.conventionalcommits.org/en/v1.0.0/) as the main guideline of making PR. This guideline serves to help contributor and maintainer to classify their changes, thus providing better insight on type of release will be covered on each Kustomize release cycle.
+
+1. Please add these keywords on your PR titles accordingly
+
+| Keyword  | Description | Example |
+| ------------- | ------------- | ------------- |
+| fix  | Patching or fixing bugs or improvements introduction from previous release. This type of change will mark a `PATCH` release.  | fix: fix null value when generating yaml |
+| feat  | New features. This change will mark a `MINOR` release. | feat: new transformer and generator for ACME API CRD. |
+| chore  | Minor improvement outside main code base  | chore: add exclusion for transformer test. |
+| ci | CI/CD related changes (e.g. github workflow, scripts, CI steps). | ci: remove blocking tests |
+| docs  | Changes related to documentation. | docs: add rules documentation for PR. |
+
+
+2. Add `BREAKING CHANGE:` on your commit message as footer to signify breaking changes. This will help maintainers identify `MAJOR` releases.
+  
+Example:
+
+```
+feat: change YAML parser from `yaml/v1` to `yaml/v2`
+
+BREAKING CHANGE: parse() function now works with 2 arguments.
+```
+
+### Create a Pull Request
+
+1. Visit your fork at `https://github.com/<user>/kustomize`
+2. Click the **Compare & Pull Request** button next to your `myfeature` branch.
+3. Check out the pull request [process](https://github.com/kubernetes/community/blob/master/contributors/guide/pull-requests.md) for more details and advice.
+
+If you ran `git push` in the previous step, GitHub will return a useful link to create a Pull Request.
+
+### Build Kustomize
+The [Kustomize Architecture] document describes the respository organization and the kustomize build process.
+```bash
+# For go version >= 1.13
+unset GOPATH
+unset GO111MODULES
+
+# Build kustomize binary and install in go bin path
+cd kustomize
+make kustomize
+
+# Run unit tests
+make test-unit-all
+
+# Run linter
+make lint
+
+# Test examples against HEAD
+make test-examples-kustomize-against-HEAD
+
+# Run your development version
+~/go/bin/kustomize version
+```
+
+### General resources for contributors
 
 - [Contributor License Agreement] - Kubernetes projects require that you sign a Contributor License Agreement (CLA) before we can accept your pull requests.
 - [Kubernetes Contributor Guide] - Main contributor documentation.
@@ -59,12 +160,144 @@ Kustomize follows the [Kubernetes Community Membership] contributor ladder. Role
 
 The kyaml module within the Kustomize repo has additional owners following the same ladder.
 
-Administrative notes:
+For the kustomize project, we have defined some specific guidelines on each step of the ladder:
+
+To reach reviewer status, you must:
+- Have been actively involved in kustomize for 3+ months
+- Review at least 8 PRs that have been driven through to completion (see the reviewer guide below)
+- Author at least 5 PRs that have been approved and merged
+- Be a member of the kubernetes-sigs org. This should not be a blocker though, as once you meet the requirements for reviewer here,
+the existing kustomize maintainers will be happy to sponsor your request to join the kubernetes-sigs org.
+- Once you have met the above requirements, you may submit a PR adding yourself to the kustomize reviewers list, with links to your
+contributions in the description.
+
+To reach approver status, you must:
+- Meet all the requirements of a reviewer
+- Have been actively involved in kustomize for 6+ months
+- Review at least 15 PRs that have been driven through to completion (see the reviewer guide below)
+- Authored PRs meeting *either* of the following requirements:
+  - 15 PRs that have been approved and merged
+  - *OR* 10 PRs that have been approved and merged where some were more difficult, required greater thought/design,
+or built up to larger features/long-term goals.
+- File 3 issues. This can be any number of things, including but not limited to:
+  - Bugs with kustomize usage that you've found
+  - CI or release improvements
+  - Creating subtasks of a larger feature or project that you are in charge of.
+  - Long term improvements for the health of the project
+- Triage at least 10 untriaged issues, including at least 1 feature request. The kustomize bug scrub is a great place to get practice with doing this, but you can
+also follow the triage guide below to get started on your own.
+- Demonstrate deeper understanding of kustomize goals. This can take many forms and is a bit subjective, but here are a few examples:
+  - saying no to an eschewed feature, instead recommending an alternative solution that is more aligned with the declarative configuration model
+  - active participation in discussion on a feature request issue
+  - filing an issue describing a long term problem and solution aligned with kustomize goals, for example: https://github.com/kubernetes-sigs/kustomize/issues/5140
+  - writing up KEPs for features that will improve the kustomize workflow while being aligned with kustomize goals, for example: https://github.com/kubernetes-sigs/kustomize/pull/4558
+- Regularly interact with the existing kustomize maintainers, with clear communication about what you are working on or planning to work on. The kustomize
+maintainers should know who you are and be familiar with your contributions.
+- If you meet *most* of the above requirements while going above and beyond in a few areas, we will still consider your request to become an approver even
+if you are missing one or two of the requirements. Please contact the maintainers directly to ask about getting approver status if you fall into this category.
+- Otherwise, once you meet all the above requirements, you may:
+  - request to be added to the kustomize maintainer meeting that occurs each week with the kustomize PMs.
+  - submit a PR adding yourself to the kustomize approvers list, with links to your contributions in the description.
+
+To reach owner status, you must:
+- Meet all the requirements of an approver
+- Have been actively involved with kustomize for 1+ year
+- Assisted the current owner in driving the roadmap. This can be explicit or implicit help, such as:
+  - Editing the roadmap directly
+  - Reviewing the roadmap
+  - Providing suggestions for issues or prioritization in meetings that indirectly influence the roadmap
+- Regularly triage issues and attend the kustomize bug scrub
+- Regularly review PRs (1-2 a week)
+- Periodically lead the kustomize bug scrub
+- Periodically release kustomize (ensuring that there are no release blockers and that release notes are clean)
+- Be the primary owner or point of contact for a particular project or area of code
+- Ideally, there should be 2-3 owners at a time. Reach out to the current owners if you are interested in ownership. These
+requirements are not strict and evaluation is somewhat subjective.
+
+## Reviewer guide
+Please watch this talk on how to review code from Tim Hockin: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OZVv7-o8i40
+
+For reviewing PRs in kustomize, we have some specific guidelines:
+- If the PR is introducing a new feature:
+  - *It must be implementing an issue that has already been triage/accepted or
+a KEP that has been approved.* If it is not, then request the PR author to first file an issue.
+  - The PR must include thorough tests for the new feature, including unit and integration tests
+  - The code must be clean and readable, with thought given to how we will maintain the code in the future
+  - If the feature requires being broken up into multiple PRs to ease review, the feature should not be exposed to users
+    until the feature is completed in the last PR. For example, while we were building `kustomize localize`, we
+    built the feature almost entirely under the `api` module as a library with all the needed tests. There was no way
+    for users to invoke the localize code until the last PR that actually exposed the `kustomize localize` command in the
+    kustomize binary. This allowed us to continue development of `kustomize localize` without blocking kustomize releases.
+    If this type of development is not possible, then new features requiring multiple PRs should be
+    developed in their own feature branch.
+- If the PR is introducing a bug fix:
+  - If the PR is not fixing an issue that has already been triage/accepted, follow the triage guide below on bug
+    fixes to decide if this is a PR we want to accept.
+  - The PR should have two distinct commits:
+    - The first commit should add a test demonstrating incorrect behavior
+    - The second commit should include the bug fix
+    - Some sample PRs:
+      - https://github.com/kubernetes-sigs/kustomize/pull/5263/commits
+      - https://github.com/kubernetes-sigs/kustomize/pull/3931/commits
+    - The regression test is absolutely required, and we cannot accept bug fixes without tests.
+- If the PR is introducing a performance improvement:
+  - The PR description should give an indication of how much the performance is being improved and how we
+    can measure it - benchmark tests are fantastic.
+- Other PRs (documentation, CI improvements, etc.) should be reviewed based on your best judgment.
+
+## Triage guide
+The possible triage labels are listed here: https://github.com/kubernetes-sigs/kustomize/labels?q=triage.
+
+Triaging a feature request means:
+- Understand what the user is asking for, and their use case.
+- Verify that it is not an [eschewed feature](https://kubectl.docs.kubernetes.io/faq/kustomize/eschewedfeatures/#build-time-side-effects-from-cli-args-or-env-variables)
+- Verify that it is not a duplicate issue.
+- Look into workarounds. Is there another way that the user can achieve their use case with existing features?
+- If you are new to this role, prior to leaving a comment on the issue, please bring it to weekly standup
+for group discussion to make sure that we are all on the same page.
+- Once you feel ready, you can label it with a triage label. Here's an [example](https://github.com/kubernetes-sigs/kustomize/issues/5049). You can also
+look at other feature request issues to see how they were triaged and resolved. There are a few different triage labels that you can use, you can see the
+full list [here](https://github.com/kubernetes-sigs/kustomize/labels?q=triage).
+
+Triaging a bug means:
+- First, verify that you can reproduce the issue. If you cannot reproduce the issue or need more information to give
+it a go, triage it accordingly.
+- Try to understand if this is really a bug or if this is intended behavior from kustomize. If it seems like intended
+behavior, do your best to explain to the user why this is the case.
+- If it seems to be a genuine bug, you can /triage accept the issue. In addition, investigate if there are workarounds or
+alternative solutions for the user that they can try until the issue gets resolved.
+
+The triage party for kustomize is here https://cli.triage.k8s.io/s/kustomize and can be a easy way to
+find issues that have not been triaged yet.
+
+## Project/Product Managers
+
+Kustomize will have opportunities to join in a project/product manager role. You can reach out to
+the existing kustomize maintainers if you are interested in this type of role. Project management work
+can greatly help supplement your contributions as you climb from reviewer to approver
+to owner.
+
+Expectations for this role are:
+
+- Triage 1 feature request each week, and bring it to weekly stand-up for discussion. Feature
+requests are issues labeled kind/feature, and you can find them [here](https://github.com/kubernetes-sigs/kustomize/issues?q=is%3Aissue+is%3Aopen+kind+feature+label%3Akind%2Ffeature).
+Please view the above triage guide for details on how to approach feature request triage.
+- Monitor the kustomize Slack channel and try to help users if you can. It is a pretty
+active channel, so responding to 4-5 users per week is sufficient even if some
+questions go unanswered. If there is an interesting topic or a recurring problem that many
+users are having, please bring it up in weekly stand-up.
+- Keeping track of a queue of backlog issues or PRs that are not being actively looked at in any existing project board.
+- Organizing or reorganizing project tracking boards when it makes sense.
+
+You will also be asked to help with roadmap planning, deprecation communication, prioritization,
+and doing research on kustomize usage when appropriate, though these responsibilities will occur less
+frequently.
+
+## Administrative notes:
 
 - The [OWNERS file spec] is a useful resources in making changes.
 - Maintainers and admins must be added to the appropriate lists in both [Kustomize OWNERS_ALIASES] and [SIG-CLI Teams]. If this isn't done, the individual in question will lack either PR approval rights (Kustomize list) or the appropriate Github repository permissions (community list).
 
-
 ## Contact Information
 
 - [Slack channel]

Makefile

@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
 #
 # Makefile for kustomize CLI and API.
 
-LATEST_RELEASE=v5.0.1
+LATEST_RELEASE=v5.8.1
 
 SHELL := /usr/bin/env bash
 GOOS = $(shell go env GOOS)
@@ -56,26 +56,24 @@ uninstall-local-tools:
 
 # Build from local source.
 $(MYGOBIN)/gorepomod:
-	cd cmd/gorepomod; \
-	go install .
+	cd cmd/gorepomod && go install .
 
 # Build from local source.
 $(MYGOBIN)/k8scopy:
-	cd cmd/k8scopy; \
-	go install .
+	cd cmd/k8scopy && go install .
 
 # Build from local source.
 $(MYGOBIN)/pluginator:
-	cd cmd/pluginator; \
-	go install .
+	cd cmd/pluginator && go install .
 
 
 # --- Build targets ---
 
 # Build from local source.
 $(MYGOBIN)/kustomize: build-kustomize-api
-	cd kustomize; \
-	go install -ldflags "-X sigs.k8s.io/kustomize/api/provenance.buildDate=$(shell date -u +'%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%SZ')" \
+	cd kustomize && go install -ldflags \
+	"-X sigs.k8s.io/kustomize/api/provenance.buildDate=$(shell date -u +'%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%SZ') \
+	 -X sigs.k8s.io/kustomize/api/provenance.version=$(shell git describe --tags --always --dirty)" \
 	.
 
 kustomize: $(MYGOBIN)/kustomize
@@ -84,11 +82,11 @@ kustomize: $(MYGOBIN)/kustomize
 # plugin-to-api compatibility checks.
 .PHONY: build-kustomize-api
 build-kustomize-api: $(MYGOBIN)/goimports $(builtinplugins)
-	cd api; $(MAKE) build
+	cd api && $(MAKE) build
 
 .PHONY: generate-kustomize-api
 generate-kustomize-api:
-	cd api; $(MAKE) generate
+	cd api && $(MAKE) generate
 
 
 # --- Verification targets ---
@@ -108,6 +106,9 @@ verify-kustomize-repo: \
 .PHONY: prow-presubmit-check
 prow-presubmit-check: \
 	install-tools \
+	workspace-sync \
+	generate-kustomize-builtin-plugins \
+	builtin-plugins-diff \
 	test-unit-kustomize-plugins \
 	test-go-mod \
 	build-non-plugin-all \
@@ -126,22 +127,30 @@ check-license: $(MYGOBIN)/addlicense
 lint: $(MYGOBIN)/golangci-lint $(MYGOBIN)/goimports $(builtinplugins)
 	./hack/for-each-module.sh "make lint"
 
+.PHONY: apidiff
+apidiff: $(MYGOBIN)/go-apidiff ## Run the go-apidiff to verify any API differences compared with origin/master
+	go-apidiff master --compare-imports --print-compatible --repo-path=.
+
 .PHONY: test-unit-all
 test-unit-all: \
 	test-unit-non-plugin \
 	test-unit-kustomize-plugins
 
-# This target is used by our Github Actions CI to run unit tests for all non-plugin modules in multiple GOOS environments.
 .PHONY: test-unit-non-plugin
 test-unit-non-plugin:
-	./hack/for-each-module.sh "make test" "./plugin/*" 16
+	./hack/for-each-module.sh "make test" "./plugin/*" 20
+
+# This target is used by our Github Actions CI to run unit tests for all non-plugin and non-released modules in multiple GOOS environments.
+.PHONY: test-unit-non-plugin-and-non-released
+test-unit-non-plugin-and-non-released:
+	./hack/for-each-module.sh "make test" "./plugin/*|./kyaml/go.mod|./cmd/config/go.mod|./api/go.mod|./kustomize/go.mod" 16
 
 .PHONY: build-non-plugin-all
 build-non-plugin-all:
-	./hack/for-each-module.sh "make build" "./plugin/*" 16
+	./hack/for-each-module.sh "make build" "./plugin/*" 20
 
 .PHONY: test-unit-kustomize-plugins
-test-unit-kustomize-plugins:
+test-unit-kustomize-plugins: build-kustomize-external-go-plugin
 	./hack/testUnitKustomizePlugins.sh
 
 .PHONY: functions-examples-all
@@ -173,6 +182,11 @@ test-examples-kustomize-against-HEAD: $(MYGOBIN)/kustomize $(MYGOBIN)/mdrip
 test-examples-kustomize-against-latest-release: $(MYGOBIN)/mdrip
 	./hack/testExamplesAgainstKustomize.sh v5@$(LATEST_RELEASE)
 
+# Pushes dependencies in the go.work file back to go.mod files of each workspace module.
+.PHONY: workspace-sync
+workspace-sync:
+	go work sync
+	./hack/doGoMod.sh tidy
 
 # --- Cleanup targets ---
 .PHONY: clean

Makefile-plugins.mk

@@ -89,9 +89,29 @@ $(pGen)/%.go: $(MYGOBIN)/pluginator $(MYGOBIN)/goimports
 		$(MYGOBIN)/goimports -w $*.go \
 	)
 
-# Target is for debugging.
+# Generate builtin plugins
 .PHONY: generate-kustomize-builtin-plugins
-generate-kustomize-builtin-plugins: $(builtinplugins)
+generate-kustomize-builtin-plugins: $(builtplugins)
+	for plugin in $(abspath $(wildcard $(pSrc)/*)); do \
+		echo "generating $${plugin} ..."; \
+		set -e; \
+		cd $${plugin}; \
+		go generate .; \
+	done
+
+# Check for diff by comparing current revision of generated plugins on HEAD and newly generated plugins on local branch,
+# If diff is found, throw error code 1
+.PHONY: builtin-plugins-diff
+builtin-plugins-diff: $(builtplugins)
+	for file in $(abspath $(builtinplugins)); do \
+		echo "Checking for diff... $${file}" ; \
+		set -e ; \
+		if [ "`git diff $${file} | wc -c`" -gt 0 ]; then\
+			echo "Error(1): diff found on $${file}"; \
+			git diff $${file};\
+			exit 1;\
+		fi \
+	done
 
 .PHONY: build-kustomize-external-go-plugin
 build-kustomize-external-go-plugin:

Makefile-tools.mk

@@ -1,14 +1,17 @@
 # Copyright 2022 The Kubernetes Authors.
 # SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
 
-GOLANGCI_LINT_VERSION=v1.51.2
-
+GOOS = $(shell go env GOOS)
+GOARCH = $(shell go env GOARCH)
 MYGOBIN = $(shell go env GOBIN)
 ifeq ($(MYGOBIN),)
 MYGOBIN = $(shell go env GOPATH)/bin
 endif
 export PATH := $(MYGOBIN):$(PATH)
 
+REPO_ROOT=$(shell git rev-parse --show-toplevel)
+GOLANGCI_LINT_VERSION ?= $(shell cd $(REPO_ROOT)/hack && go list -m -f '{{.Version}}' github.com/golangci/golangci-lint)
+
 # determines whether to run tests that only behave locally; can be overridden by override variable
 export IS_LOCAL = false
 
@@ -18,8 +21,7 @@ install-out-of-tree-tools: \
 	$(MYGOBIN)/golangci-lint \
 	$(MYGOBIN)/helmV3 \
 	$(MYGOBIN)/mdrip \
-	$(MYGOBIN)/stringer \
-	$(MYGOBIN)/goimports
+	$(MYGOBIN)/stringer
 
 .PHONY: uninstall-out-of-tree-tools
 uninstall-out-of-tree-tools:
@@ -29,67 +31,63 @@ uninstall-out-of-tree-tools:
 	rm -f $(MYGOBIN)/mdrip
 	rm -f $(MYGOBIN)/stringer
 
+# golangci-lint is not guaranteed to use from tool directive, so we install it directly.
+# https://golangci-lint.run/docs/welcome/install/local/#install-from-sources
+.PHONY: $(MYGOBIN)/golangci-lint
 $(MYGOBIN)/golangci-lint:
 	go install github.com/golangci/golangci-lint/cmd/golangci-lint@$(GOLANGCI_LINT_VERSION)
 
+.PHONY: $(MYGOBIN)/mdrip
 $(MYGOBIN)/mdrip:
-	go install github.com/monopole/mdrip@v1.0.2
+	cd $(REPO_ROOT)/hack && go install github.com/monopole/mdrip
 
+.PHONY: $(MYGOBIN)/stringer
 $(MYGOBIN)/stringer:
-	go install golang.org/x/tools/cmd/stringer@latest
+	cd $(REPO_ROOT)/hack && go install golang.org/x/tools/cmd/stringer
 
+.PHONY: $(MYGOBIN)/goimports
 $(MYGOBIN)/goimports:
-	go install golang.org/x/tools/cmd/goimports@latest
+	cd $(REPO_ROOT)/hack && go install golang.org/x/tools/cmd/goimports
 
+.PHONY: $(MYGOBIN)/mdtogo
 $(MYGOBIN)/mdtogo:
-	go install sigs.k8s.io/kustomize/cmd/mdtogo@latest
+	cd $(REPO_ROOT)/hack && go install sigs.k8s.io/kustomize/cmd/mdtogo
 
+.PHONY: $(MYGOBIN)/addlicense
 $(MYGOBIN)/addlicense:
-	go install github.com/google/addlicense@latest
-
-$(MYGOBIN)/goreleaser:
-	go install github.com/goreleaser/goreleaser@v0.179.0 # https://github.com/kubernetes-sigs/kustomize/issues/4542
+	cd $(REPO_ROOT)/hack && go install github.com/google/addlicense
 
+.PHONY: $(MYGOBIN)/kind
 $(MYGOBIN)/kind:
-	( \
-        set -e; \
-        d=$(shell mktemp -d); cd $$d; \
-        wget -O ./kind https://github.com/kubernetes-sigs/kind/releases/download/v0.7.0/kind-$(GOOS)-$(GOARCH); \
-        chmod +x ./kind; \
-        mv ./kind $(MYGOBIN); \
-        rm -rf $$d; \
-	)
+	cd $(REPO_ROOT)/hack && go install sigs.k8s.io/kind
 
-# linux only.
+.PHONY: $(MYGOBIN)/controller-gen
+$(MYGOBIN)/controller-gen:
+	cd $(REPO_ROOT)/hack && go install sigs.k8s.io/controller-tools/cmd/controller-gen
+
+.PHONY: $(MYGOBIN)/embedmd
+$(MYGOBIN)/embedmd:
+	cd $(REPO_ROOT)/hack && go install github.com/campoy/embedmd
+
+.PHONY: $(MYGOBIN)/go-bindata
+$(MYGOBIN)/go-bindata:
+	cd $(REPO_ROOT)/hack && go install github.com/go-bindata/go-bindata/v3/go-bindata
+
+.PHONY: $(MYGOBIN)/go-apidiff
+$(MYGOBIN)/go-apidiff:
+	cd $(REPO_ROOT)/hack && go install github.com/joelanford/go-apidiff
+
+.PHONY: $(MYGOBIN)/gh
 $(MYGOBIN)/gh:
-	( \
-		set -e; \
-		d=$(shell mktemp -d); cd $$d; \
-		tgzFile=gh_1.0.0_$(GOOS)_$(GOARCH).tar.gz; \
-		wget https://github.com/cli/cli/releases/download/v1.0.0/$$tgzFile; \
-		tar -xvzf $$tgzFile; \
-		mv gh_1.0.0_$(GOOS)_$(GOARCH)/bin/gh  $(MYGOBIN)/gh; \
-		rm -rf $$d \
-	)
+	cd $(REPO_ROOT)/hack && go install github.com/cli/cli/cmd/gh
 
-# linux only.
-# This is for testing an example plugin that
-# uses kubeval for validation.
-# Don't want to add a hard dependence in go.mod file
-# to github.com/instrumenta/kubeval.
-# Instead, download the binary.
+.PHONY: $(MYGOBIN)/kubeval
 $(MYGOBIN)/kubeval:
-	( \
-		set -e; \
-		d=$(shell mktemp -d); cd $$d; \
-		wget https://github.com/instrumenta/kubeval/releases/latest/download/kubeval-$(GOOS)-$(GOARCH).tar.gz; \
-		tar xf kubeval-$(GOOS)-$(GOARCH).tar.gz; \
-		mv kubeval $(MYGOBIN); \
-		rm -rf $$d; \
-	)
+	cd $(REPO_ROOT)/hack && go install github.com/instrumenta/kubeval
 
 # Helm V3 differs from helm V2; downloading it to provide coverage for the
 # chart inflator plugin under helm v3.
+.PHONY: $(MYGOBIN)/helmV3
 $(MYGOBIN)/helmV3:
 	( \
 		set -e; \

OWNERS_ALIASES

@@ -3,16 +3,26 @@
 aliases:
   kustomize-owners:
     - knverey
-    - natasha41575
+    - koba1t
   kustomize-approvers:
     - knverey
-    - natasha41575
+    - koba1t
+    - varshaprasad96
   kustomize-reviewers:
     - knverey
-    - natasha41575
-    - yuwenma
-    - annasong20
     - koba1t
+    - varshaprasad96
+    - ncapps
+    - sarab97
+
+  docs-approvers:
+    - ncapps
+  docs-reviewers:
+    - ncapps
+
+  commands-approvers: []
+  commands-reviewers: []
+
   #  emeritus:
   #    - liujingfang1
   #    - Shell32-Natsu
@@ -22,3 +32,6 @@ aliases:
   #    - mengqiy
   #    - mortent
   #    - phanimarupaka
+  #    - natasha41575
+  #    - annasong20
+  #    - yuwenma

README.md

@@ -23,9 +23,9 @@ This tool is sponsored by [sig-cli] ([KEP]).
 To find the kustomize version embedded in recent versions of kubectl, run `kubectl version`:
 
 ```sh
-> kubectl version --short --client
-Client Version: v1.26.0
-Kustomize Version: v4.5.7
+> kubectl version --client
+Client Version: v1.31.0
+Kustomize Version: v5.4.2
 ```
 
 The kustomize build flow at [v2.0.3] was added
@@ -36,11 +36,16 @@ be updated on a regular basis going forward, and such updates
 will be reflected in the Kubernetes release notes.
 
 | Kubectl version | Kustomize version |
-| --- | --- |
-| < v1.14 | n/a |
-| v1.14-v1.20 | v2.0.3 |
-| v1.21 | v4.0.5 |
-| v1.22 | v4.2.0 |
+| --------------- | ----------------- |
+| < v1.14         | n/a               |
+| v1.14-v1.20     | v2.0.3            |
+| v1.21           | v4.0.5            |
+| v1.22           | v4.2.0            |
+| v1.23           | v4.4.1            |
+| v1.24           | v4.5.4            |
+| v1.25           | v4.5.7            |
+| v1.26           | v4.5.7            |
+| v1.27           | v5.0.1            |
 
 [v2.0.3]: https://github.com/kubernetes-sigs/kustomize/releases/tag/v2.0.3
 [#2506]: https://github.com/kubernetes-sigs/kustomize/issues/2506
@@ -63,7 +68,37 @@ This file should declare those resources, and any
 customization to apply to them, e.g. _add a common
 label_.
 
-![base image][imageBase]
+```
+
+base: kustomization + resources
+
+kustomization.yaml                                      deployment.yaml                                                 service.yaml
++---------------------------------------------+         +-------------------------------------------------------+       +-----------------------------------+
+| apiVersion: kustomize.config.k8s.io/v1beta1 |         | apiVersion: apps/v1                                   |       | apiVersion: v1                    |
+| kind: Kustomization                         |         | kind: Deployment                                      |       | kind: Service                     |
+| labels:                                     |         | metadata:                                             |       | metadata:                         |
+| - includeSelectors: true                    |         |   name: myapp                                         |       |   name: myapp                     |
+|   pairs:                                    |         | spec:                                                 |       | spec:                             |
+|     app: myapp                              |         |   selector:                                           |       |   selector:                       |
+| resources:                                  |         |     matchLabels:                                      |       |     app: myapp                    |
+|   - deployment.yaml                         |         |       app: myapp                                      |       |   ports:                          |
+|   - service.yaml                            |         |   template:                                           |       |     - port: 6060                  |
+| configMapGenerator:                         |         |     metadata:                                         |       |       targetPort: 6060            |
+|   - name: myapp-map                         |         |       labels:                                         |       +-----------------------------------+
+|     literals:                               |         |         app: myapp                                    |
+|       - KEY=value                           |         |     spec:                                             |
++---------------------------------------------+         |       containers:                                     |
+                                                        |         - name: myapp                                 |
+                                                        |           image: myapp                                |
+                                                        |           resources:                                  |
+                                                        |             limits:                                   |
+                                                        |               memory: "128Mi"                         |
+                                                        |               cpu: "500m"                             |
+                                                        |           ports:                                      |
+                                                        |             - containerPort: 6060                     |
+                                                        +-------------------------------------------------------+
+
+```
 
 File structure:
 
@@ -99,20 +134,41 @@ Manage traditional [variants] of a configuration - like
 _development_, _staging_ and _production_ - using
 [overlays] that modify a common [base].
 
-![overlay image][imageOverlay]
+```
+
+overlay: kustomization + patches
+
+kustomization.yaml                                      replica_count.yaml                      cpu_count.yaml
++-----------------------------------------------+       +-------------------------------+       +------------------------------------------+
+| apiVersion: kustomize.config.k8s.io/v1beta1   |       | apiVersion: apps/v1           |       | apiVersion: apps/v1                      |
+| kind: Kustomization                           |       | kind: Deployment              |       | kind: Deployment                         |
+| labels:                                       |       | metadata:                     |       | metadata:                                |
+|  - includeSelectors: true                     |       |   name: myapp                 |       |   name: myapp                            |
+|    pairs:                                     |       | spec:                         |       | spec:                                    |
+|      variant: prod                            |       |   replicas: 80                |       |  template:                               |
+| resources:                                    |       +-------------------------------+       |     spec:                                |
+|   - ../../base                                |                                               |       containers:                        |
+| patches:                                      |                                               |         - name: myapp                    |
+|   - path: replica_count.yaml                  |                                               |           resources:                     |
+|   - path: cpu_count.yaml                      |                                               |             limits:                      |
++-----------------------------------------------+                                               |               memory: "128Mi"            |
+                                                                                                |               cpu: "7000m"               |
+                                                                                                +------------------------------------------+
+```
+
 
 File structure:
 > ```
 > ~/someApp
 > ├── base
-> │   ├── deployment.yaml
-> │   ├── kustomization.yaml
-> │   └── service.yaml
+> │   ├── deployment.yaml
+> │   ├── kustomization.yaml
+> │   └── service.yaml
 > └── overlays
 >     ├── development
->     │   ├── cpu_count.yaml
->     │   ├── kustomization.yaml
->     │   └── replica_count.yaml
+>     │   ├── cpu_count.yaml
+>     │   ├── kustomization.yaml
+>     │   └── replica_count.yaml
 >     └── production
 >         ├── cpu_count.yaml
 >         ├── kustomization.yaml
@@ -166,8 +222,6 @@ is governed by the [Kubernetes Code of Conduct].
 [applied]: https://kubectl.docs.kubernetes.io/references/kustomize/glossary/#apply
 [base]: https://kubectl.docs.kubernetes.io/references/kustomize/glossary/#base
 [declarative configuration]: https://kubectl.docs.kubernetes.io/references/kustomize/glossary/#declarative-application-management
-[imageBase]: images/base.jpg
-[imageOverlay]: images/overlay.jpg
 [kubectl announcement]: https://kubernetes.io/blog/2019/03/25/kubernetes-1-14-release-announcement
 [kubernetes documentation]: https://kubernetes.io/docs/tasks/manage-kubernetes-objects/kustomization/
 [kubernetes style]: https://kubectl.docs.kubernetes.io/references/kustomize/glossary/#kubernetes-style-object

ROADMAP.md

@@ -1,112 +1,185 @@
-# Kustomize roadmap 2022
+# Kustomize roadmap 2023-2024
 
-Presented at the [January 26, 2022, SIG-CLI meeting](https://youtu.be/l2plzJ9MRlk?t=1321)
+This document describes the items that we hope to make progress on over the next
+1 year (H2 2023 and H1 2024). Take this roadmap as more of what we hope to achieve
+rather than what we promise to achieve, as some items in this doc are highly dependent
+on the success that we have on-ramping new contributors to the project, and other
+items will depend on external contributions, which can vary.
 
-kustomize maintainers: @knverey, @natasha41575
+If you are interested in contributing to a particular area, you can look through
+the project board for that area and assign yourself to one of the issues. It is
+recommended to start with smaller issues to ramp up on the project before starting
+to tackle larger issues.
 
-[Objective: Improve contributor community](#objective-improve-contributor-community)
+Project boards:
+https://github.com/orgs/kubernetes-sigs/projects/50
+https://github.com/orgs/kubernetes-sigs/projects/51
+https://github.com/orgs/kubernetes-sigs/projects/52
+https://github.com/orgs/kubernetes-sigs/projects/53
+https://github.com/orgs/kubernetes-sigs/projects/54
 
-[Objective: Improve end-user experience](#objective-improve-end-user-experience)
+## Kustomize contributors (at time of writing):
 
-[Objective: Improve extension experience](#objective-improve-extension-experience)
+kustomize owner: @natasha41575
 
-## Objective: Improve contributor community
+kustomize maintainers: @annasong20, @koba1t
 
-**_WHO: End user who also contributes source code._**
-
-Top priority:
-
-- Kustomization v1 (also end-user impact) ([PROJECT](https://github.com/kubernetes-sigs/kustomize/projects/12))
-  - Remove the following fields:
-    - [vars](https://github.com/kubernetes-sigs/kustomize/issues/2052)
-    - [patchesJson6902, patchesStrategicMerge (consolidate on \`patches)](https://github.com/kubernetes-sigs/kustomize/issues/4376)
-    - [helmChartInflationGenerator, helmCharts, helmGlobals](https://github.com/kubernetes-sigs/kustomize/issues/4401)
-    - all long-deprecated fields in Kustomization v1 such as \`bases\` and those being accommodate by kustomize edit \[[see code snippet](https://github.com/kubernetes-sigs/kustomize/blob/ee4b7847f0beb6c0d2070673b10f23f7b3e92e82/api/types/fix.go#L15)\]
-  - Ensure that \`kustomize edit fix\` handles migrations for all those, and that anything it changes is not still present in v1.
-  - [Add reorder field](https://github.com/kubernetes-sigs/kustomize/issues/3913). Default should be FIFO and legacy should also be supported (could add alphabetic and custom sort support eventually). Replaces -reorder flag.
-  - [Reconcile openapi and crds field](https://github.com/kubernetes-sigs/kustomize/issues/3944)
-  - [Consider deprecating configurations field](https://github.com/kubernetes-sigs/kustomize/issues/3945) (old, pre-plugin, pre-openapi global configuration)
-  - [Add a field to enable the managedby label](https://github.com/kubernetes-sigs/kustomize/issues/4047)
-
-Second priority:
-
-- Improve contributor documentation
-  - [Instructions to upgrade kustomize-in-kubectl](https://github.com/kubernetes-sigs/kustomize/issues/3951)
-
-Also very valuable to the project:
-
-- [Improve the release process](https://github.com/kubernetes-sigs/kustomize/issues/3952) to support regular biweekly releases [PROJECT](https://github.com/kubernetes-sigs/kustomize/projects/7)
-- Release sigs.k8s.io/kustomize/api v1.0.0 [PROJECT](https://github.com/kubernetes-sigs/kustomize/projects/5)
-  - [Reduce the public surface of the API module](https://github.com/kubernetes-sigs/kustomize/issues/3942)
-  - [Vendor all transitive deps](https://github.com/kubernetes-sigs/kustomize/issues/3706). Since kustomize is in kubectl, we must do as kubectl does to manage deps, exposing new transitive deps in code review.
-- Project administration
-  - [Rename master branch to main](https://github.com/kubernetes-sigs/kustomize/issues/3954)
+kustomize contributors: @varshaprasad96
 
 
+# H2 2023
 
-## Objective: Improve end-user experience
+## Goal: Create kustomize leadership and contributor playbooks
 
-**_WHO: End user that wants kustomize build artifacts (binaries, containers)._**
+Contributors: natasha41575, annasong20
 
-Top priorities:
+Priority: High
 
-- Bug fixes:
-  - Fix bugs in basic anchor support: [issue query](https://github.com/kubernetes-sigs/kustomize/issues?q=is%3Aopen+is%3Aissue+label%3Aarea%2Fanchors)
-  - integer keys support: [#3446](https://github.com/kubernetes-sigs/kustomize/issues/3446)
-  - kyaml not respecting \`$patch replace|retainKeys\`: [#2037](https://github.com/kubernetes-sigs/kustomize/issues/2037)
-  - kustomize removing quotes from namespace field values: [#4146](https://github.com/kubernetes-sigs/kustomize/issues/4146)
-  - Kustomize doesn’t support metadata.generateName: [#641](https://github.com/kubernetes-sigs/kustomize/issues/641)
-- Send kustomize CLI version number into kubectl ([kubectl issue](https://github.com/kubernetes/kubectl/issues/797) / [kustomize issue](https://github.com/kubernetes-sigs/kustomize/issues/1424))
-- Kustomize performance investigations/improvements [PROJECT](https://github.com/kubernetes-sigs/kustomize/projects/13)
-- [Support generic resource references in name reference tracking](https://github.com/kubernetes-sigs/kustomize/issues/3418)
-- [KEP 4267: retain the resource origin and transformer data in annotations](https://github.com/kubernetes-sigs/kustomize/pull/4267)
+Effort: Medium
 
-Secondary priorities:
+In the past, when the leads stopped contributing (for various reasons, not covered here)
+in various kubernetes projects, it left a wide hole that few could easily fill,
+leaving the remaining leads in a bad position and the project understaffed. We should assume
+that we will need to onboard new maintainers in the future, and should have playbooks
+for doing so. As we grow the contributor base in kustomize, we will build these playbooks for
+those who are contributing and those who are looking to grow into kustomize leaders.
+To ensure the long term health and stability of the project, we should have:
 
-- kustomize cli v5 ([PROJECT](https://github.com/kubernetes-sigs/kustomize/projects/14))
-  - [Drop the --reorder flag](https://github.com/kubernetes-sigs/kustomize/issues/3947)
-  - [Graduate cfg read-only commands out of alpha](https://github.com/kubernetes-sigs/kustomize/issues/4090).
-  - [Drop the –enable-managedby-label](https://github.com/kubernetes-sigs/kustomize/issues/4047)
-  - Drop old plugin-related fields in favor of [the Catalog-style fields](https://github.com/kubernetes/enhancements/tree/master/keps/sig-cli/2906-kustomize-function-catalog).
-  - [Drop the helm flags](https://github.com/kubernetes-sigs/kustomize/issues/4401)
-- [Confusion around namespace replacement](https://github.com/kubernetes-sigs/kustomize/issues/880).
+- On-boarding guides for new contributors
+- Clear guidelines for how to climb the kustomize ladder from contributor to approver to owner
+- A plan (maybe a schedule) for future kustomize cohorts
+- A succession plan, in case the current kustomize leads ever decide to step down
 
-Also very valuable to the project:
+## Goal: Onboard 2-5 new contributors to kustomize
 
-- [Overinclusion of root directory error in error messages](https://github.com/kubernetes-sigs/kustomize/issues/4348)
-- [Add kustomize localize command](https://github.com/kubernetes-sigs/kustomize/issues/3980)
-- [Fix Windows support in test suite](https://github.com/kubernetes-sigs/kustomize/issues/4001)
-- Improve end-user documentation [PROJECT](https://github.com/kubernetes-sigs/kustomize/projects/9)
+Contributors: natasha41575, annasong20, koba1t
 
+Priority: High
 
-## Objective: Improve extension experience
+Effort: High
 
-**_WHO: Plugin developers: end users who extend kustomize, but don’t think about internals._**
+In order to make progress on kustomize goals in the future, we need to increase the
+level of staffing on kustomize. We should leverage community contributions to keep kustomize
+healthy and making progress.
 
-This objective is described in detail in the [Kustomize Plugin Graduation KEP](https://github.com/kubernetes/enhancements/tree/master/keps/sig-cli/2953-kustomize-plugin-graduation) / [PROJECT](https://github.com/kubernetes-sigs/kustomize/projects/15) .
+The primary means in which we will try to find new kustomize contributors is through the new kustomize
+maintainer training cohort. We will lead a group of ~20 kubernetes community members through a 3-6 month
+training program, involving talk sessions, bug scrubs, issue triage, PR reviews, and coding projects for
+each member.
 
-Top priorities:
+See [our call for help](https://groups.google.com/a/kubernetes.io/g/dev/c/M5OphEVsv5o/m/zc6G4H15AAAJ) for more
+specific details about the program.
 
-- Fix core usability issues with KRM Function extensions:
-  - [Better errors for function config failures](https://github.com/kubernetes-sigs/kustomize/issues/4398)
-  - [Container KRM Mounts are not mounting via function parameters](https://github.com/kubernetes-sigs/kustomize/issues/4290)
-  - [Resolution of local file references in extensions transformer configuration](https://github.com/kubernetes-sigs/kustomize/issues/4154)
-  - [Do not silently ignore plugins when config has typo](https://github.com/kubernetes-sigs/kustomize/issues/4399)
-  - [KRM Exec Function can't locate executable when referencing a base](https://github.com/kubernetes-sigs/kustomize/issues/4347)
-- Once core usability issues are fixed, [deprecate legacy exec and Go plugin support](https://github.com/kubernetes/enhancements/tree/master/keps/sig-cli/2953-kustomize-plugin-graduation)
-- [Catalog KEP](https://github.com/kubernetes/enhancements/tree/master/keps/sig-cli/2906-kustomize-function-catalog)
+The effort from existing kustomize maintainers here will be to:
+- Organize the cohort, so that each cohort member feels productive and understands what they should work on
+- Align motivation of the cohort members with the work that we assign to them.
+- Review PRs from cohort members in a timely manner.
+- Be the point(s) of contact for questions/escalations
+- Lead weekly stand-ups and monthly bug scrubs
 
-Secondary priorities:
+At the end of all this, if we have a small team of contributors to kustomize, who understand its founding
+philosophy and intentions, we should be able to keep the project up to date.
 
-- [Remove Starlark support](https://github.com/kubernetes-sigs/kustomize/issues/4349)
-- [Composition KEP](https://github.com/kubernetes/enhancements/pull/2300). The implementation is complete in [#4223](https://github.com/kubernetes-sigs/kustomize/pull/4323), but depends on:
-  - [Convert resources and components to be backed by a reusable generator](https://github.com/kubernetes-sigs/kustomize/issues/4402)
-  - [Enable explicitly invoked transformers to use default fieldSpecs](https://github.com/kubernetes-sigs/kustomize/issues/4404)
-  - [Enable built-in generators to be used in the transformers field ](https://github.com/kubernetes-sigs/kustomize/issues/4403)
+## Goal: Improve kustomize extensibility through KRM functions and CRD support
 
+Contributors: koba1t, varshaprasad96, external contributors
 
-Also very valuable to the project:
+Priority: High
 
-- [Improve docs for kyaml libraries](https://github.com/kubernetes-sigs/kustomize/issues/3950), especially by adding examples.
-- [Create a reserved field for plugin runtime information](https://github.com/kubernetes-sigs/kustomize/issues/4405)
-- [Develop new standard process for implementing builtin transformers](https://github.com/kubernetes-sigs/kustomize/issues/4400)
+Effort: High
+
+Project board: https://github.com/orgs/kubernetes-sigs/projects/53/views/1
+
+For a long time, we have supported KRM functions as the proper way to implement custom generators and transformers.
+However, due to limited staffing, we have been unable to drive this feature out of alpha in kustomize. The two
+main features which we hope to make progress on are Composition and Catalog, two long-standing proposals for which
+numerous users have been waiting for a long time. There are several open issues
+regarding KRM functions where our long-term answer has been these two features, but users have been hearing about them
+for over a year without seeing any progress. If we can implement them, they will vastly improve usability and security
+of KRM functions.
+
+One item that falls under this category that does not currently have a contributor is improving CRD support.
+Currently, it is difficult to use CRDs properly, as there are three different fields (configurations, openapi, and crds)
+where users have to input their CRD configuration. We need to consolidate these fields into one easy to use feature to
+support CRDs. If you are interested in putting together a design proposal for how to tackle this task, please reach
+out to the kustomize maintainers.
+
+# H1 2024
+
+## Goal: Improve the kustomize documentation
+
+Contributors: annasong20, external contributions
+
+Priority: High
+
+Effort: High
+
+Project board: https://github.com/orgs/kubernetes-sigs/projects/50
+
+The kustomize documentation is currently fragmented, out of date, and lacks examples to fully understand its value.
+We have had a "docs project" for a long time; we need to prioritize implementing it so that the documentation is in
+one place, easy to find, and helps new users get started more easily. Some outcomes from this project should be:
+
+- A single, unified website hosted on kustomize.io
+- Updated information architecture, and a plan to keep it up to date
+- End to end examples of using kustomize, including complex use cases
+
+## Goal: Fix core usability bugs in kustomize
+
+Contributors: external contributions
+
+Priority: High
+
+Effort: High
+
+Project board: https://github.com/orgs/kubernetes-sigs/projects/51
+
+There are several core usability issues that block some users from adopting kustomize features or in
+some base block users from using kustomize entirely. These issues range from small bugs with workable but
+inconvenient workarounds, to enormous feature gaps.
+
+As part of this goal, we should work toward reducing the number of such issues that we have, making
+kustomize work more smoothly and predictably, and be usable for a larger range of users.
+
+There are a lot of important issues in this project, but the biggest and highest priority one is that
+kustomize doesn't currently support metadata.GenerateName. Unfortunately, we don't currently have anyone
+actively working on this issue, we would need an external contributor to reach out to the kustomize
+maintainers to pick it up.
+
+## Goal: Improve kustomize CI, release, & security patch processes
+
+Contributors: external contributions
+
+Priority: Medium
+
+Effort: High
+
+Project board: https://github.com/orgs/kubernetes-sigs/projects/54
+
+The kustomize release process is currently done on-demand and is strictly linear. This means that if we find a CVE,
+we are forced to release the next version of kustomize ASAP, and we are required to release every PR that has merged
+since the last release. This can put us in a sticky situation if we have a breaking change that we are
+not ready to release yet, but we need a patch quickly.
+
+We should try to improve the kustomize release process so that we can release frequently, reliably, and with some
+flexibility. The outcome of this effort should be:
+
+- kustomize is released on a regular cadence (biweekly or monthly)
+- kustomize is able to separate patch and feature releases, so that we can fix CVEs without needing to release
+everything that we have in flight
+- We can detect and fix CVEs early
+
+## Goal: Take long-standing alpha commands out of alpha
+
+Contributors: external contributions
+
+Priority: Medium
+
+Effort: Medium
+
+Project board: https://github.com/orgs/kubernetes-sigs/projects/52
+
+There are several commands in kustomize that have been alpha for a long time, including the cfg command group and
+localize. Moving them forward can indicate good health of a project and these commands are useful to many users.
+Some of these projects can be good starter issues for new contributors to have an easier onramp while others will
+require more effort and thought.

SECURITY_CONTACTS

@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@
 #
 # DO NOT REPORT SECURITY VULNERABILITIES DIRECTLY TO THESE NAMES, FOLLOW THE
 # INSTRUCTIONS AT https://kubernetes.io/security/
-
-monopole
-Liujingfang1
-pwittrock
+eddiezane
+KnVerey
+natasha41575
+soltysh

api/Makefile

@@ -11,3 +11,18 @@ build:
 
 generate: $(MYGOBIN)/k8scopy $(MYGOBIN)/stringer
 	go generate ./...
+
+lint: lint-api-static
+
+## lint-api-static runs the linter on the API module
+## with build-tag kustomize_disable_go_plugin_support
+## this aims to catch any issues with the API module
+## that would prevent the API module from being used
+## when the go plugin support is disabled.
+lint-api-static:
+	$(MYGOBIN)/golangci-lint cache clean # Workaround for https://github.com/golangci/golangci-lint/issues/3228
+	$(MYGOBIN)/golangci-lint \
+	  -c $$KUSTOMIZE_ROOT/.golangci.yml \
+	  --build-tags kustomize_disable_go_plugin_support \
+	  --path-prefix api \
+	  run ./...

api/filters/fieldspec/fieldspec_test.go

@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@ import (
 	"testing"
 
 	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
 	"sigs.k8s.io/kustomize/api/filters/fieldspec"
 	"sigs.k8s.io/kustomize/api/filters/filtersutil"
 	"sigs.k8s.io/kustomize/kyaml/kio"
@@ -621,7 +622,7 @@ kind: Pod
 
 		t.Run(name, func(t *testing.T) {
 			err := yaml.Unmarshal([]byte(tc.fieldSpec), &filter.FieldSpec)
-			assert.NoError(t, err)
+			require.NoError(t, err)
 			rw := &kio.ByteReadWriter{
 				Reader:                bytes.NewBufferString(tc.input),
 				Writer:                &bytes.Buffer{},
@@ -635,7 +636,7 @@ kind: Pod
 				Outputs: []kio.Writer{rw},
 			}.Execute()
 
-			assert.NoError(t, err)
+			require.NoError(t, err)
 			assert.Equal(t, tc.expected, fieldPaths)
 		})
 	}

api/filters/imagetag/imagetag_test.go

@@ -879,6 +879,84 @@ spec:
 				},
 			},
 		},
+		"update image volume in pod template": {
+			input: `
+group: apps
+apiVersion: v1
+kind: Deployment
+metadata:
+  name: imagevolume
+spec:
+  template:
+    spec:
+      volumes:
+      - name: volume
+        image:
+          reference: nginx
+`,
+			expectedOutput: `
+group: apps
+apiVersion: v1
+kind: Deployment
+metadata:
+  name: imagevolume
+spec:
+  template:
+    spec:
+      volumes:
+      - name: volume
+        image:
+          reference: apache@12345
+`,
+			filter: Filter{
+				ImageTag: types.Image{
+					Name:    "nginx",
+					NewName: "apache",
+					Digest:  "12345",
+				},
+			},
+			fsSlice: []types.FieldSpec{
+				{
+					Path: "spec/template/spec/volumes[]/image/reference",
+				},
+			},
+		},
+		"update image volume in pod spec": {
+			input: `
+apiVersion: v1
+kind: Pod
+metadata:
+  name: imagevolume
+spec:
+  volumes:
+  - name: volume
+    image:
+      reference: nginx
+`,
+			expectedOutput: `
+apiVersion: v1
+kind: Pod
+metadata:
+  name: imagevolume
+spec:
+  volumes:
+  - name: volume
+    image:
+      reference: apache@12345
+`,
+			filter: Filter{
+				ImageTag: types.Image{
+					Name:    "nginx",
+					NewName: "apache",
+					Digest:  "12345",
+				},
+			},
+			fsSlice: []types.FieldSpec{
+				{
+					Path: "spec/volumes[]/image/reference",
+				},
+			},
+		},
 	}
 
 	for tn, tc := range testCases {

api/filters/imagetag/updater.go

@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ package imagetag
 import (
 	"sigs.k8s.io/kustomize/api/filters/filtersutil"
 
-	"sigs.k8s.io/kustomize/api/image"
+	"sigs.k8s.io/kustomize/api/internal/image"
 	"sigs.k8s.io/kustomize/api/types"
 	"sigs.k8s.io/kustomize/kyaml/yaml"
 )

api/filters/nameref/nameref.go

@@ -205,16 +205,14 @@ func getRoleRefGvk(n *resource.Resource) (*resid.Gvk, error) {
 		return nil, err
 	}
 	if apiGroup.IsNil() {
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf(
-			"apiGroup cannot be found in roleRef %s", roleRef.MustString())
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("apiGroup cannot be found in roleRef %s", roleRef.MustString())
 	}
 	kind, err := roleRef.Pipe(yaml.Lookup("kind"))
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
 	if kind.IsNil() {
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf(
-			"kind cannot be found in roleRef %s", roleRef.MustString())
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("kind cannot be found in roleRef %s", roleRef.MustString())
 	}
 	return &resid.Gvk{
 		Group: apiGroup.YNode().Value,
@@ -284,9 +282,9 @@ func (f Filter) roleRefFilter() sieveFunc {
 	return previousIdSelectedByGvk(roleRefGvk)
 }
 
-func prefixSuffixEquals(other resource.ResCtx) sieveFunc {
+func prefixSuffixEquals(other resource.ResCtx, allowEmpty bool) sieveFunc {
 	return func(r *resource.Resource) bool {
-		return r.PrefixesSuffixesEquals(other)
+		return r.PrefixesSuffixesEquals(other, allowEmpty)
 	}
 }
 
@@ -325,7 +323,10 @@ func (f Filter) selectReferral(
 	if len(candidates) == 1 {
 		return candidates[0], nil
 	}
-	candidates = doSieve(candidates, prefixSuffixEquals(f.Referrer))
+	candidates = doSieve(candidates, prefixSuffixEquals(f.Referrer, true))
+	if len(candidates) > 1 {
+		candidates = doSieve(candidates, prefixSuffixEquals(f.Referrer, false))
+	}
 	if len(candidates) == 1 {
 		return candidates[0], nil
 	}

api/filters/patchjson6902/patchjson6902.go

@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ package patchjson6902
 import (
 	"strings"
 
-	jsonpatch "github.com/evanphx/json-patch"
+	jsonpatch "gopkg.in/evanphx/json-patch.v4"
 	"sigs.k8s.io/kustomize/kyaml/kio"
 	"sigs.k8s.io/kustomize/kyaml/yaml"
 	k8syaml "sigs.k8s.io/yaml"

api/filters/patchstrategicmerge/patchstrategicmerge_test.go

@@ -776,6 +776,133 @@ spec:
       autoscaling: true
     deepgram-api:
       some: value
+`,
+		},
+
+		// Issue #4928
+		"support numeric keys": {
+			input: `
+apiVersion: v1
+kind: ConfigMap
+metadata:
+  name: blabla
+  namespace: blabla-ns
+data:
+  "6443": "foobar"
+`,
+			patch: yaml.MustParse(`
+apiVersion: v1
+kind: ConfigMap
+metadata:
+  name: blabla
+  namespace: blabla-ns
+data:
+  "6443": "barfoo"
+  "9110": "foo-foo"
+`),
+			expected: `
+apiVersion: v1
+kind: ConfigMap
+metadata:
+  name: blabla
+  namespace: blabla-ns
+data:
+  "6443": "barfoo"
+  "9110": "foo-foo"
+`,
+		},
+
+		"honor different key style one": {
+			input: `
+apiVersion: v1
+kind: ConfigMap
+metadata:
+  name: blabla
+  namespace: blabla-ns
+data:
+  '6443': "foobar"
+`,
+			patch: yaml.MustParse(`
+apiVersion: v1
+kind: ConfigMap
+metadata:
+  name: blabla
+  namespace: blabla-ns
+data:
+  "6443": "barfoo"
+  9110: "foo-foo"
+`),
+			expected: `
+apiVersion: v1
+kind: ConfigMap
+metadata:
+  name: blabla
+  namespace: blabla-ns
+data:
+  '6443': "barfoo"
+  9110: "foo-foo"
+`,
+		},
+
+		"honor different key style two": {
+			input: `
+apiVersion: v1
+kind: ConfigMap
+metadata:
+  name: blabla
+  namespace: blabla-ns
+data:
+  "6443": "foobar"
+`,
+			patch: yaml.MustParse(`
+apiVersion: v1
+kind: ConfigMap
+metadata:
+  name: blabla
+  namespace: blabla-ns
+data:
+  "6443": "barfoo"
+  '9110': "foo-foo"
+`),
+			expected: `
+apiVersion: v1
+kind: ConfigMap
+metadata:
+  name: blabla
+  namespace: blabla-ns
+data:
+  "6443": "barfoo"
+  '9110': "foo-foo"
+`,
+		},
+
+		"different key types": {
+			input: `
+apiVersion: v1
+kind: ConfigMap
+metadata:
+  name: blabla
+  namespace: blabla-ns
+data:
+  "6443": "key-string-double-quoted"
+`,
+			patch: yaml.MustParse(`
+apiVersion: v1
+kind: ConfigMap
+metadata:
+  name: blabla
+  namespace: blabla-ns
+data:
+  6443: "key-int"
+`),
+			expected: `
+apiVersion: v1
+kind: ConfigMap
+metadata:
+  name: blabla
+  namespace: blabla-ns
+data:
+  "6443": "key-int"
 `,
 		},
 	}

api/filters/replacement/replacement.go

@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@
 package replacement
 
 import (
+	"encoding/json"
 	"fmt"
 	"strings"
 
@@ -11,7 +12,6 @@ import (
 	"sigs.k8s.io/kustomize/api/resource"
 	"sigs.k8s.io/kustomize/api/types"
 	"sigs.k8s.io/kustomize/kyaml/errors"
-	"sigs.k8s.io/kustomize/kyaml/resid"
 	kyaml_utils "sigs.k8s.io/kustomize/kyaml/utils"
 	"sigs.k8s.io/kustomize/kyaml/yaml"
 )
@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ type Filter struct {
 // Filter replaces values of targets with values from sources
 func (f Filter) Filter(nodes []*yaml.RNode) ([]*yaml.RNode, error) {
 	for i, r := range f.Replacements {
-		if r.Source == nil || r.Targets == nil {
+		if (r.SourceValue == nil && r.Source == nil) || r.Targets == nil {
 			return nil, fmt.Errorf("replacements must specify a source and at least one target")
 		}
 		value, err := getReplacement(nodes, &f.Replacements[i])
@@ -39,6 +39,13 @@ func (f Filter) Filter(nodes []*yaml.RNode) ([]*yaml.RNode, error) {
 }
 
 func getReplacement(nodes []*yaml.RNode, r *types.Replacement) (*yaml.RNode, error) {
+	if r.SourceValue != nil && r.Source != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("value and resource selectors are mutually exclusive")
+	}
+	if r.SourceValue != nil {
+		return yaml.NewScalarRNode(*r.SourceValue), nil
+	}
+
 	source, err := selectSourceNode(nodes, r.Source)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
@@ -110,6 +117,10 @@ func applyReplacement(nodes []*yaml.RNode, value *yaml.RNode, targetSelectors []
 		if len(selector.FieldPaths) == 0 {
 			selector.FieldPaths = []string{types.DefaultReplacementFieldPath}
 		}
+		tsr, err := types.NewTargetSelectorRegex(selector)
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, fmt.Errorf("error creating target selector: %w", err)
+		}
 		for _, possibleTarget := range nodes {
 			ids, err := utils.MakeResIds(possibleTarget)
 			if err != nil {
@@ -125,9 +136,13 @@ func applyReplacement(nodes []*yaml.RNode, value *yaml.RNode, targetSelectors []
 				continue
 			}
 
+			if tsr.RejectsAny(ids) {
+				continue
+			}
+
 			// filter targets by matching resource IDs
-			for i, id := range ids {
-				if id.IsSelectedBy(selector.Select.ResId) && !rejectId(selector.Reject, &ids[i]) {
+			for _, id := range ids {
+				if tsr.Selects(id) {
 					err := copyValueToTarget(possibleTarget, value, selector)
 					if err != nil {
 						return nil, err
@@ -168,38 +183,37 @@ func matchesAnnoAndLabelSelector(n *yaml.RNode, selector *types.Selector) (bool,
 	return annoMatch && labelMatch, nil
 }
 
-func rejectId(rejects []*types.Selector, id *resid.ResId) bool {
-	for _, r := range rejects {
-		if !r.ResId.IsEmpty() && id.IsSelectedBy(r.ResId) {
-			return true
-		}
-	}
-	return false
-}
-
 func copyValueToTarget(target *yaml.RNode, value *yaml.RNode, selector *types.TargetSelector) error {
 	for _, fp := range selector.FieldPaths {
 		createKind := yaml.Kind(0) // do not create
 		if selector.Options != nil && selector.Options.Create {
 			createKind = value.YNode().Kind
 		}
+
+		// Check if this fieldPath contains structured data access
+		if err := setValueInStructuredData(target, value, fp, selector.Options); err == nil {
+			// Successfully handled as structured data
+			continue
+		}
+
+		// Fall back to normal path handling
 		targetFieldList, err := target.Pipe(&yaml.PathMatcher{
 			Path:   kyaml_utils.SmarterPathSplitter(fp, "."),
 			Create: createKind})
 		if err != nil {
-			return errors.WrapPrefixf(err, fieldRetrievalError(fp, createKind != 0))
+			return errors.WrapPrefixf(err, "%s", fieldRetrievalError(fp, createKind != 0))
 		}
 		targetFields, err := targetFieldList.Elements()
 		if err != nil {
-			return errors.WrapPrefixf(err, fieldRetrievalError(fp, createKind != 0))
+			return errors.WrapPrefixf(err, "%s", fieldRetrievalError(fp, createKind != 0))
 		}
 		if len(targetFields) == 0 {
-			return errors.Errorf(fieldRetrievalError(fp, createKind != 0))
+			return errors.Errorf("%s", fieldRetrievalError(fp, createKind != 0))
 		}
 
 		for _, t := range targetFields {
 			if err := setFieldValue(selector.Options, t, value); err != nil {
-				return err
+				return fmt.Errorf("%w", err)
 			}
 		}
 	}
@@ -242,3 +256,150 @@ func setFieldValue(options *types.FieldOptions, targetField *yaml.RNode, value *
 
 	return nil
 }
+
+// setValueInStructuredData handles setting values within structured data (JSON/YAML) in scalar fields
+func setValueInStructuredData(target *yaml.RNode, value *yaml.RNode, fieldPath string, options *types.FieldOptions) error {
+	pathParts := kyaml_utils.SmarterPathSplitter(fieldPath, ".")
+	if len(pathParts) < 2 {
+		return fmt.Errorf("not a structured data path")
+	}
+
+	// Find the potential scalar field that might contain structured data
+	var scalarFieldPath []string
+	var structuredDataPath []string
+	var foundScalar = false
+
+	// Try to find where the scalar field ends and structured data begins
+	for i := 1; i <= len(pathParts); i++ {
+		potentialScalarPath := pathParts[:i]
+		scalarField, err := target.Pipe(yaml.Lookup(potentialScalarPath...))
+		if err != nil {
+			continue
+		}
+		if scalarField != nil && scalarField.YNode().Kind == yaml.ScalarNode && i < len(pathParts) {
+			// Try to parse the scalar value as structured data
+			scalarValue := scalarField.YNode().Value
+			var parsedNode yaml.Node
+			if err := yaml.Unmarshal([]byte(scalarValue), &parsedNode); err == nil {
+				// Successfully parsed - this is structured data
+				scalarFieldPath = potentialScalarPath
+				structuredDataPath = pathParts[i:]
+				foundScalar = true
+				break
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	if !foundScalar {
+		return fmt.Errorf("no structured data found in path")
+	}
+
+	// Get the scalar field containing structured data
+	scalarField, err := target.Pipe(yaml.Lookup(scalarFieldPath...))
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("%w", err)
+	}
+
+	// Parse the structured data
+	scalarValue := scalarField.YNode().Value
+	var parsedNode yaml.Node
+	if err := yaml.Unmarshal([]byte(scalarValue), &parsedNode); err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("%w", err)
+	}
+
+	structuredData := yaml.NewRNode(&parsedNode)
+
+	createKind := yaml.Kind(0) // do not create
+	if options != nil && options.Create {
+		createKind = value.YNode().Kind
+	}
+
+	// Navigate to the target location within the structured data
+	targetInStructured, err := structuredData.Pipe(&yaml.PathMatcher{
+		Path:   structuredDataPath,
+		Create: createKind,
+	})
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("%w", err)
+	}
+
+	targetFields, err := targetInStructured.Elements()
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("%w", err)
+	}
+
+	if len(targetFields) == 0 {
+		return fmt.Errorf("unable to find field in structured data")
+	}
+
+	// Set the value in the structured data
+	for _, t := range targetFields {
+		err = setFieldValue(options, t, value)
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+	}
+
+	// Serialize the modified structured data back to the scalar field
+	// Try to detect if original was JSON or YAML and preserve formatting
+	serializedData, err := serializeStructuredData(structuredData, scalarValue)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("%w", err)
+	}
+
+	// Update the original scalar field
+	scalarField.YNode().Value = serializedData
+
+	return nil
+}
+
+// serializeStructuredData handles the serialization of structured data back to string format
+// preserving the original format (JSON vs YAML) and style (pretty vs compact)
+func serializeStructuredData(structuredData *yaml.RNode, originalValue string) (string, error) {
+	firstChar := rune(strings.TrimSpace(originalValue)[0])
+	if firstChar == '{' || firstChar == '[' {
+		return serializeAsJSON(structuredData, originalValue)
+	}
+
+	// Fallback to YAML format
+	return serializeAsYAML(structuredData)
+}
+
+// serializeAsJSON converts structured data back to JSON format
+func serializeAsJSON(structuredData *yaml.RNode, originalValue string) (string, error) {
+	modifiedData, err := structuredData.String()
+	if err != nil {
+		return "", fmt.Errorf("failed to serialize structured data: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	// Parse the YAML output as JSON
+	var jsonData interface{}
+	if err := yaml.Unmarshal([]byte(modifiedData), &jsonData); err != nil {
+		return "", fmt.Errorf("failed to unmarshal YAML data: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	// Check if original was pretty-printed by looking for newlines and indentation
+	if strings.Contains(originalValue, "\n") && strings.Contains(originalValue, "  ") {
+		// Pretty-print the JSON to match original formatting
+		if prettyJSON, err := json.MarshalIndent(jsonData, "", "  "); err == nil {
+			return string(prettyJSON), nil
+		}
+	}
+
+	// Compact JSON
+	if compactJSON, err := json.Marshal(jsonData); err == nil {
+		return string(compactJSON), nil
+	}
+
+	return "", fmt.Errorf("failed to marshal JSON data")
+}
+
+// serializeAsYAML converts structured data back to YAML format
+func serializeAsYAML(structuredData *yaml.RNode) (string, error) {
+	modifiedData, err := structuredData.String()
+	if err != nil {
+		return "", fmt.Errorf("failed to serialize YAML data: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	return strings.TrimSpace(modifiedData), nil
+}

api/go.mod

@@ -1,38 +1,43 @@
 module sigs.k8s.io/kustomize/api
 
-go 1.19
+go 1.25.0
 
 require (
-	github.com/evanphx/json-patch v4.11.0+incompatible
+	github.com/blang/semver/v4 v4.0.0
 	github.com/go-errors/errors v1.4.2
-	github.com/google/shlex v0.0.0-20191202100458-e7afc7fbc510
-	github.com/imdario/mergo v0.3.6
-	github.com/stretchr/testify v1.8.1
-	gopkg.in/yaml.v2 v2.4.0
-	k8s.io/kube-openapi v0.0.0-20230109183929-3758b55a6596
-	sigs.k8s.io/kustomize/kyaml v0.14.2
-	sigs.k8s.io/yaml v1.3.0
+	github.com/stretchr/testify v1.11.1
+	go.uber.org/goleak v1.3.0
+	go.yaml.in/yaml/v2 v2.4.2
+	gopkg.in/evanphx/json-patch.v4 v4.13.0
+	k8s.io/kube-openapi v0.0.0-20260502001324-b7f5293f4787
+	sigs.k8s.io/kustomize/kyaml v0.21.1
+	sigs.k8s.io/yaml v1.5.0
 )
 
 require (
-	github.com/davecgh/go-spew v1.1.1 // indirect
-	github.com/go-openapi/jsonpointer v0.19.6 // indirect
-	github.com/go-openapi/jsonreference v0.20.1 // indirect
-	github.com/go-openapi/swag v0.22.3 // indirect
-	github.com/golang/protobuf v1.5.2 // indirect
-	github.com/google/gnostic v0.5.7-v3refs // indirect
-	github.com/google/go-cmp v0.5.5 // indirect
-	github.com/google/gofuzz v1.1.0 // indirect
-	github.com/josharian/intern v1.0.0 // indirect
-	github.com/mailru/easyjson v0.7.7 // indirect
+	github.com/davecgh/go-spew v1.1.2-0.20180830191138-d8f796af33cc // indirect
+	github.com/go-openapi/jsonpointer v0.21.0 // indirect
+	github.com/go-openapi/jsonreference v0.20.2 // indirect
+	github.com/go-openapi/swag v0.25.4 // indirect
+	github.com/go-openapi/swag/cmdutils v0.25.4 // indirect
+	github.com/go-openapi/swag/conv v0.25.4 // indirect
+	github.com/go-openapi/swag/fileutils v0.25.4 // indirect
+	github.com/go-openapi/swag/jsonname v0.25.4 // indirect
+	github.com/go-openapi/swag/jsonutils v0.25.4 // indirect
+	github.com/go-openapi/swag/loading v0.25.4 // indirect
+	github.com/go-openapi/swag/mangling v0.25.4 // indirect
+	github.com/go-openapi/swag/netutils v0.25.4 // indirect
+	github.com/go-openapi/swag/stringutils v0.25.4 // indirect
+	github.com/go-openapi/swag/typeutils v0.25.4 // indirect
+	github.com/go-openapi/swag/yamlutils v0.25.4 // indirect
+	github.com/google/gnostic-models v0.7.0 // indirect
 	github.com/monochromegane/go-gitignore v0.0.0-20200626010858-205db1a8cc00 // indirect
-	github.com/pkg/errors v0.9.1 // indirect
-	github.com/pmezard/go-difflib v1.0.0 // indirect
-	github.com/sergi/go-diff v1.1.0 // indirect
-	github.com/xlab/treeprint v1.1.0 // indirect
-	go.starlark.net v0.0.0-20200306205701-8dd3e2ee1dd5 // indirect
-	golang.org/x/sys v0.3.0 // indirect
-	google.golang.org/protobuf v1.28.0 // indirect
+	github.com/pmezard/go-difflib v1.0.1-0.20181226105442-5d4384ee4fb2 // indirect
+	github.com/sergi/go-diff v1.4.0 // indirect
+	github.com/xlab/treeprint v1.2.0 // indirect
+	go.yaml.in/yaml/v3 v3.0.4 // indirect
+	golang.org/x/sys v0.42.0 // indirect
+	google.golang.org/protobuf v1.36.11 // indirect
 	gopkg.in/yaml.v3 v3.0.1 // indirect
 )
 

api/go.sum

@@ -1,153 +1,111 @@
-cloud.google.com/go v0.26.0/go.mod h1:aQUYkXzVsufM+DwF1aE+0xfcU+56JwCaLick0ClmMTw=
-github.com/BurntSushi/toml v0.3.1/go.mod h1:xHWCNGjB5oqiDr8zfno3MHue2Ht5sIBksp03qcyfWMU=
-github.com/census-instrumentation/opencensus-proto v0.2.1/go.mod h1:f6KPmirojxKA12rnyqOA5BBL4O983OfeGPqjHWSTneU=
-github.com/chzyer/logex v1.1.10/go.mod h1:+Ywpsq7O8HXn0nuIou7OrIPyXbp3wmkHB+jjWRnGsAI=
-github.com/chzyer/readline v0.0.0-20180603132655-2972be24d48e/go.mod h1:nSuG5e5PlCu98SY8svDHJxuZscDgtXS6KTTbou5AhLI=
-github.com/chzyer/test v0.0.0-20180213035817-a1ea475d72b1/go.mod h1:Q3SI9o4m/ZMnBNeIyt5eFwwo7qiLfzFZmjNmxjkiQlU=
-github.com/client9/misspell v0.3.4/go.mod h1:qj6jICC3Q7zFZvVWo7KLAzC3yx5G7kyvSDkc90ppPyw=
+github.com/blang/semver/v4 v4.0.0 h1:1PFHFE6yCCTv8C1TeyNNarDzntLi7wMI5i/pzqYIsAM=
+github.com/blang/semver/v4 v4.0.0/go.mod h1:IbckMUScFkM3pff0VJDNKRiT6TG/YpiHIM2yvyW5YoQ=
 github.com/creack/pty v1.1.9/go.mod h1:oKZEueFk5CKHvIhNR5MUki03XCEU+Q6VDXinZuGJ33E=
 github.com/davecgh/go-spew v1.1.0/go.mod h1:J7Y8YcW2NihsgmVo/mv3lAwl/skON4iLHjSsI+c5H38=
-github.com/davecgh/go-spew v1.1.1 h1:vj9j/u1bqnvCEfJOwUhtlOARqs3+rkHYY13jYWTU97c=
 github.com/davecgh/go-spew v1.1.1/go.mod h1:J7Y8YcW2NihsgmVo/mv3lAwl/skON4iLHjSsI+c5H38=
-github.com/docopt/docopt-go v0.0.0-20180111231733-ee0de3bc6815/go.mod h1:WwZ+bS3ebgob9U8Nd0kOddGdZWjyMGR8Wziv+TBNwSE=
-github.com/envoyproxy/go-control-plane v0.9.1-0.20191026205805-5f8ba28d4473/go.mod h1:YTl/9mNaCwkRvm6d1a2C3ymFceY/DCBVvsKhRF0iEA4=
-github.com/envoyproxy/protoc-gen-validate v0.1.0/go.mod h1:iSmxcyjqTsJpI2R4NaDN7+kN2VEUnK/pcBlmesArF7c=
-github.com/evanphx/json-patch v4.11.0+incompatible h1:glyUF9yIYtMHzn8xaKw5rMhdWcwsYV8dZHIq5567/xs=
-github.com/evanphx/json-patch v4.11.0+incompatible/go.mod h1:50XU6AFN0ol/bzJsmQLiYLvXMP4fmwYFNcr97nuDLSk=
+github.com/davecgh/go-spew v1.1.2-0.20180830191138-d8f796af33cc h1:U9qPSI2PIWSS1VwoXQT9A3Wy9MM3WgvqSxFWenqJduM=
+github.com/davecgh/go-spew v1.1.2-0.20180830191138-d8f796af33cc/go.mod h1:J7Y8YcW2NihsgmVo/mv3lAwl/skON4iLHjSsI+c5H38=
 github.com/go-errors/errors v1.4.2 h1:J6MZopCL4uSllY1OfXM374weqZFFItUbrImctkmUxIA=
 github.com/go-errors/errors v1.4.2/go.mod h1:sIVyrIiJhuEF+Pj9Ebtd6P/rEYROXFi3BopGUQ5a5Og=
-github.com/go-openapi/jsonpointer v0.19.6 h1:eCs3fxoIi3Wh6vtgmLTOjdhSpiqphQ+DaPn38N2ZdrE=
 github.com/go-openapi/jsonpointer v0.19.6/go.mod h1:osyAmYz/mB/C3I+WsTTSgw1ONzaLJoLCyoi6/zppojs=
-github.com/go-openapi/jsonreference v0.20.1 h1:FBLnyygC4/IZZr893oiomc9XaghoveYTrLC1F86HID8=
-github.com/go-openapi/jsonreference v0.20.1/go.mod h1:Bl1zwGIM8/wsvqjsOQLJ/SH+En5Ap4rVB5KVcIDZG2k=
-github.com/go-openapi/swag v0.22.3 h1:yMBqmnQ0gyZvEb/+KzuWZOXgllrXT4SADYbvDaXHv/g=
+github.com/go-openapi/jsonpointer v0.21.0 h1:YgdVicSA9vH5RiHs9TZW5oyafXZFc6+2Vc1rr/O9oNQ=
+github.com/go-openapi/jsonpointer v0.21.0/go.mod h1:IUyH9l/+uyhIYQ/PXVA41Rexl+kOkAPDdXEYns6fzUY=
+github.com/go-openapi/jsonreference v0.20.2 h1:3sVjiK66+uXK/6oQ8xgcRKcFgQ5KXa2KvnJRumpMGbE=
+github.com/go-openapi/jsonreference v0.20.2/go.mod h1:Bl1zwGIM8/wsvqjsOQLJ/SH+En5Ap4rVB5KVcIDZG2k=
 github.com/go-openapi/swag v0.22.3/go.mod h1:UzaqsxGiab7freDnrUUra0MwWfN/q7tE4j+VcZ0yl14=
-github.com/golang/glog v0.0.0-20160126235308-23def4e6c14b/go.mod h1:SBH7ygxi8pfUlaOkMMuAQtPIUF8ecWP5IEl/CR7VP2Q=
-github.com/golang/mock v1.1.1/go.mod h1:oTYuIxOrZwtPieC+H1uAHpcLFnEyAGVDL/k47Jfbm0A=
-github.com/golang/protobuf v1.2.0/go.mod h1:6lQm79b+lXiMfvg/cZm0SGofjICqVBUtrP5yJMmIC1U=
-github.com/golang/protobuf v1.3.2/go.mod h1:6lQm79b+lXiMfvg/cZm0SGofjICqVBUtrP5yJMmIC1U=
-github.com/golang/protobuf v1.4.0-rc.1/go.mod h1:ceaxUfeHdC40wWswd/P6IGgMaK3YpKi5j83Wpe3EHw8=
-github.com/golang/protobuf v1.4.0-rc.1.0.20200221234624-67d41d38c208/go.mod h1:xKAWHe0F5eneWXFV3EuXVDTCmh+JuBKY0li0aMyXATA=
-github.com/golang/protobuf v1.4.0-rc.2/go.mod h1:LlEzMj4AhA7rCAGe4KMBDvJI+AwstrUpVNzEA03Pprs=
-github.com/golang/protobuf v1.4.0-rc.4.0.20200313231945-b860323f09d0/go.mod h1:WU3c8KckQ9AFe+yFwt9sWVRKCVIyN9cPHBJSNnbL67w=
-github.com/golang/protobuf v1.4.0/go.mod h1:jodUvKwWbYaEsadDk5Fwe5c77LiNKVO9IDvqG2KuDX0=
-github.com/golang/protobuf v1.4.1/go.mod h1:U8fpvMrcmy5pZrNK1lt4xCsGvpyWQ/VVv6QDs8UjoX8=
-github.com/golang/protobuf v1.5.0/go.mod h1:FsONVRAS9T7sI+LIUmWTfcYkHO4aIWwzhcaSAoJOfIk=
-github.com/golang/protobuf v1.5.2 h1:ROPKBNFfQgOUMifHyP+KYbvpjbdoFNs+aK7DXlji0Tw=
-github.com/golang/protobuf v1.5.2/go.mod h1:XVQd3VNwM+JqD3oG2Ue2ip4fOMUkwXdXDdiuN0vRsmY=
-github.com/google/gnostic v0.5.7-v3refs h1:FhTMOKj2VhjpouxvWJAV1TL304uMlb9zcDqkl6cEI54=
-github.com/google/gnostic v0.5.7-v3refs/go.mod h1:73MKFl6jIHelAJNaBGFzt3SPtZULs9dYrGFt8OiIsHQ=
-github.com/google/go-cmp v0.2.0/go.mod h1:oXzfMopK8JAjlY9xF4vHSVASa0yLyX7SntLO5aqRK0M=
-github.com/google/go-cmp v0.3.0/go.mod h1:8QqcDgzrUqlUb/G2PQTWiueGozuR1884gddMywk6iLU=
-github.com/google/go-cmp v0.3.1/go.mod h1:8QqcDgzrUqlUb/G2PQTWiueGozuR1884gddMywk6iLU=
-github.com/google/go-cmp v0.4.0/go.mod h1:v8dTdLbMG2kIc/vJvl+f65V22dbkXbowE6jgT/gNBxE=
-github.com/google/go-cmp v0.5.5 h1:Khx7svrCpmxxtHBq5j2mp/xVjsi8hQMfNLvJFAlrGgU=
-github.com/google/go-cmp v0.5.5/go.mod h1:v8dTdLbMG2kIc/vJvl+f65V22dbkXbowE6jgT/gNBxE=
-github.com/google/gofuzz v1.1.0 h1:Hsa8mG0dQ46ij8Sl2AYJDUv1oA9/d6Vk+3LG99Oe02g=
-github.com/google/gofuzz v1.1.0/go.mod h1:dBl0BpW6vV/+mYPU4Po3pmUjxk6FQPldtuIdl/M65Eg=
-github.com/google/shlex v0.0.0-20191202100458-e7afc7fbc510 h1:El6M4kTTCOh6aBiKaUGG7oYTSPP8MxqL4YI3kZKwcP4=
-github.com/google/shlex v0.0.0-20191202100458-e7afc7fbc510/go.mod h1:pupxD2MaaD3pAXIBCelhxNneeOaAeabZDe5s4K6zSpQ=
-github.com/imdario/mergo v0.3.6 h1:xTNEAn+kxVO7dTZGu0CegyqKZmoWFI0rF8UxjlB2d28=
-github.com/imdario/mergo v0.3.6/go.mod h1:2EnlNZ0deacrJVfApfmtdGgDfMuh/nq6Ok1EcJh5FfA=
-github.com/josharian/intern v1.0.0 h1:vlS4z54oSdjm0bgjRigI+G1HpF+tI+9rE5LLzOg8HmY=
+github.com/go-openapi/swag v0.25.4 h1:OyUPUFYDPDBMkqyxOTkqDYFnrhuhi9NR6QVUvIochMU=
+github.com/go-openapi/swag v0.25.4/go.mod h1:zNfJ9WZABGHCFg2RnY0S4IOkAcVTzJ6z2Bi+Q4i6qFQ=
+github.com/go-openapi/swag/cmdutils v0.25.4 h1:8rYhB5n6WawR192/BfUu2iVlxqVR9aRgGJP6WaBoW+4=
+github.com/go-openapi/swag/cmdutils v0.25.4/go.mod h1:pdae/AFo6WxLl5L0rq87eRzVPm/XRHM3MoYgRMvG4A0=
+github.com/go-openapi/swag/conv v0.25.4 h1:/Dd7p0LZXczgUcC/Ikm1+YqVzkEeCc9LnOWjfkpkfe4=
+github.com/go-openapi/swag/conv v0.25.4/go.mod h1:3LXfie/lwoAv0NHoEuY1hjoFAYkvlqI/Bn5EQDD3PPU=
+github.com/go-openapi/swag/fileutils v0.25.4 h1:2oI0XNW5y6UWZTC7vAxC8hmsK/tOkWXHJQH4lKjqw+Y=
+github.com/go-openapi/swag/fileutils v0.25.4/go.mod h1:cdOT/PKbwcysVQ9Tpr0q20lQKH7MGhOEb6EwmHOirUk=
+github.com/go-openapi/swag/jsonname v0.25.4 h1:bZH0+MsS03MbnwBXYhuTttMOqk+5KcQ9869Vye1bNHI=
+github.com/go-openapi/swag/jsonname v0.25.4/go.mod h1:GPVEk9CWVhNvWhZgrnvRA6utbAltopbKwDu8mXNUMag=
+github.com/go-openapi/swag/jsonutils v0.25.4 h1:VSchfbGhD4UTf4vCdR2F4TLBdLwHyUDTd1/q4i+jGZA=
+github.com/go-openapi/swag/jsonutils v0.25.4/go.mod h1:7OYGXpvVFPn4PpaSdPHJBtF0iGnbEaTk8AvBkoWnaAY=
+github.com/go-openapi/swag/jsonutils/fixtures_test v0.25.4 h1:IACsSvBhiNJwlDix7wq39SS2Fh7lUOCJRmx/4SN4sVo=
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 gopkg.in/check.v1 v1.0.0-20201130134442-10cb98267c6c/go.mod h1:JHkPIbrfpd72SG/EVd6muEfDQjcINNoR0C8j2r3qZ4Q=
+gopkg.in/evanphx/json-patch.v4 v4.13.0 h1:czT3CmqEaQ1aanPc5SdlgQrrEIb8w/wwCvWWnfEbYzo=
+gopkg.in/evanphx/json-patch.v4 v4.13.0/go.mod h1:p8EYWUEYMpynmqDbY58zCKCFZw8pRWMG4EsWvDvM72M=
 gopkg.in/yaml.v2 v2.2.2/go.mod h1:hI93XBmqTisBFMUTm0b8Fm+jr3Dg1NNxqwp+5A1VGuI=
-gopkg.in/yaml.v2 v2.2.4/go.mod h1:hI93XBmqTisBFMUTm0b8Fm+jr3Dg1NNxqwp+5A1VGuI=
-gopkg.in/yaml.v2 v2.4.0 h1:D8xgwECY7CYvx+Y2n4sBz93Jn9JRvxdiyyo8CTfuKaY=
 gopkg.in/yaml.v2 v2.4.0/go.mod h1:RDklbk79AGWmwhnvt/jBztapEOGDOx6ZbXqjP6csGnQ=
 gopkg.in/yaml.v3 v3.0.0-20200313102051-9f266ea9e77c/go.mod h1:K4uyk7z7BCEPqu6E+C64Yfv1cQ7kz7rIZviUmN+EgEM=
-gopkg.in/yaml.v3 v3.0.0-20200615113413-eeeca48fe776/go.mod h1:K4uyk7z7BCEPqu6E+C64Yfv1cQ7kz7rIZviUmN+EgEM=
 gopkg.in/yaml.v3 v3.0.1 h1:fxVm/GzAzEWqLHuvctI91KS9hhNmmWOoWu0XTYJS7CA=
 gopkg.in/yaml.v3 v3.0.1/go.mod h1:K4uyk7z7BCEPqu6E+C64Yfv1cQ7kz7rIZviUmN+EgEM=
-honnef.co/go/tools v0.0.0-20190102054323-c2f93a96b099/go.mod h1:rf3lG4BRIbNafJWhAfAdb/ePZxsR/4RtNHQocxwk9r4=
-honnef.co/go/tools v0.0.0-20190523083050-ea95bdfd59fc/go.mod h1:rf3lG4BRIbNafJWhAfAdb/ePZxsR/4RtNHQocxwk9r4=
-k8s.io/kube-openapi v0.0.0-20230109183929-3758b55a6596 h1:8cNCQs+WqqnSpZ7y0LMQPKD+RZUHU17VqLPMW3qxnxc=
-k8s.io/kube-openapi v0.0.0-20230109183929-3758b55a6596/go.mod h1:/BYxry62FuDzmI+i9B+X2pqfySRmSOW2ARmj5Zbqhj0=
-sigs.k8s.io/yaml v1.3.0 h1:a2VclLzOGrwOHDiV8EfBGhvjHvP46CtW5j6POvhYGGo=
-sigs.k8s.io/yaml v1.3.0/go.mod h1:GeOyir5tyXNByN85N/dRIT9es5UQNerPYEKK56eTBm8=
+k8s.io/kube-openapi v0.0.0-20260502001324-b7f5293f4787 h1:kHv8PETbPIVHfqKBYwTNNSjqChf/7xn3JOS3re+NWs8=
+k8s.io/kube-openapi v0.0.0-20260502001324-b7f5293f4787/go.mod h1:Cyq7UE0QtGe+Zo+/6XFrxiS4Mq0tLyQEONkFzSkfp9o=
+sigs.k8s.io/json v0.0.0-20221116044647-bc3834ca7abd h1:EDPBXCAspyGV4jQlpZSudPeMmr1bNJefnuqLsRAsHZo=
+sigs.k8s.io/json v0.0.0-20221116044647-bc3834ca7abd/go.mod h1:B8JuhiUyNFVKdsE8h686QcCxMaH6HrOAZj4vswFpcB0=
+sigs.k8s.io/randfill v1.0.0 h1:JfjMILfT8A6RbawdsK2JXGBR5AQVfd+9TbzrlneTyrU=
+sigs.k8s.io/randfill v1.0.0/go.mod h1:XeLlZ/jmk4i1HRopwe7/aU3H5n1zNUcX6TM94b3QxOY=
+sigs.k8s.io/yaml v1.5.0 h1:M10b2U7aEUY6hRtU870n2VTPgR5RZiL/I6Lcc2F4NUQ=
+sigs.k8s.io/yaml v1.5.0/go.mod h1:wZs27Rbxoai4C0f8/9urLZtZtF3avA3gKvGyPdDqTO4=

api/internal/accumulator/loadconfigfromcrds.go

@@ -144,7 +144,7 @@ func loadCrdIntoConfig(
 		}
 		_, label := property.Extensions.GetString(xLabelSelector)
 		if label {
-			err = theConfig.AddLabelFieldSpec(
+			err = theConfig.AddCommonLabelsFieldSpec(
 				makeFs(theGvk, append(path, propName)))
 			if err != nil {
 				return

api/internal/accumulator/loadconfigfromcrds_test.go

@@ -9,8 +9,8 @@ import (
 
 	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
 	. "sigs.k8s.io/kustomize/api/internal/accumulator"
+	"sigs.k8s.io/kustomize/api/internal/loader"
 	"sigs.k8s.io/kustomize/api/internal/plugins/builtinconfig"
-	"sigs.k8s.io/kustomize/api/loader"
 	"sigs.k8s.io/kustomize/api/types"
 	"sigs.k8s.io/kustomize/kyaml/filesys"
 	"sigs.k8s.io/kustomize/kyaml/resid"

api/internal/accumulator/namereferencetransformer_test.go

@@ -590,7 +590,7 @@ func TestNameReferenceUnhappyRun(t *testing.T) {
 func TestNameReferencePersistentVolumeHappyRun(t *testing.T) {
 	rf := provider.NewDefaultDepProvider().GetResourceFactory()
 
-	v1 := rf.FromMapWithName(
+	v1, err := rf.FromMapWithName(
 		"volume1",
 		map[string]interface{}{
 			"apiVersion": "v1",
@@ -599,7 +599,10 @@ func TestNameReferencePersistentVolumeHappyRun(t *testing.T) {
 				"name": "someprefix-volume1",
 			},
 		})
-	c1 := rf.FromMapWithName(
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("failed to get new instance with given name: %v", err)
+	}
+	c1, err := rf.FromMapWithName(
 		"claim1",
 		map[string]interface{}{
 			"apiVersion": "v1",
@@ -612,9 +615,11 @@ func TestNameReferencePersistentVolumeHappyRun(t *testing.T) {
 				"volumeName": "volume1",
 			},
 		})
-
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("failed to get new instance with given name: %v", err)
+	}
 	v2 := v1.DeepCopy()
-	c2 := rf.FromMapWithName(
+	c2, err := rf.FromMapWithName(
 		"claim1",
 		map[string]interface{}{
 			"apiVersion": "v1",
@@ -627,6 +632,9 @@ func TestNameReferencePersistentVolumeHappyRun(t *testing.T) {
 				"volumeName": "someprefix-volume1",
 			},
 		})
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("failed to get new instance with given name: %v", err)
+	}
 
 	m1 := resmaptest_test.NewRmBuilder(t, rf).AddR(v1).AddR(c1).ResMap()
 

api/internal/accumulator/resaccumulator.go

@@ -170,7 +170,7 @@ func (ra *ResAccumulator) FixBackReferences() (err error) {
 
 // Intersection drops the resources which "other" does not have.
 func (ra *ResAccumulator) Intersection(other resmap.ResMap) error {
-	otherIds := other.AllIds()
+	otherIds := other.AllIds() //nolint:revive
 	for _, curId := range ra.resMap.AllIds() {
 		toDelete := true
 		for _, otherId := range otherIds {

api/internal/accumulator/resaccumulator_test.go

@@ -64,7 +64,7 @@ func makeResAccumulator(t *testing.T) *ResAccumulator {
 					"name": "backendTwo",
 				}}).ResMap())
 	if err != nil {
-		t.Fatalf("unexpected err: %v", err)
+		t.Fatalf("failed to append resources: %v", err)
 	}
 	return ra
 }
@@ -143,22 +143,26 @@ func expectLog(t *testing.T, log bytes.Buffer, expect string) {
 func TestResolveVarsVarNeedsDisambiguation(t *testing.T) {
 	ra := makeResAccumulator(t)
 	rm0 := resmap.New()
-	err := rm0.Append(
-		provider.NewDefaultDepProvider().GetResourceFactory().FromMap(
-			map[string]interface{}{
-				"apiVersion": "v1",
-				"kind":       "Service",
-				"metadata": map[string]interface{}{
-					"name":      "backendOne",
-					"namespace": "fooNamespace",
-				},
-			}))
+
+	r, err := provider.NewDefaultDepProvider().GetResourceFactory().FromMap(
+		map[string]interface{}{
+			"apiVersion": "v1",
+			"kind":       "Service",
+			"metadata": map[string]interface{}{
+				"name":      "backendOne",
+				"namespace": "fooNamespace",
+			},
+		})
 	if err != nil {
-		t.Fatalf("unexpected err: %v", err)
+		t.Fatalf("failed to get instance of resources: %v", err)
+	}
+	err = rm0.Append(r)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("failed to append a resource to ResMap: %v", err)
 	}
 	err = ra.AppendAll(rm0)
 	if err != nil {
-		t.Fatalf("unexpected err: %v", err)
+		t.Fatalf("failed to append a resource to ResAccumulator: %v", err)
 	}
 
 	err = ra.MergeVars([]types.Var{
@@ -227,7 +231,11 @@ func TestResolveVarConflicts(t *testing.T) {
 	// create accumulators holding apparently conflicting vars that are not
 	// actually in conflict because they point to the same concrete value.
 	rm0 := resmap.New()
-	err := rm0.Append(rf.FromMap(fooAws))
+	r0, err0 := rf.FromMap(fooAws)
+	if err0 != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("failed to get instance of resources: %v", err0)
+	}
+	err := rm0.Append(r0)
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 	ac0 := MakeEmptyAccumulator()
 	err = ac0.AppendAll(rm0)
@@ -236,7 +244,11 @@ func TestResolveVarConflicts(t *testing.T) {
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 
 	rm1 := resmap.New()
-	err = rm1.Append(rf.FromMap(barAws))
+	r1, err1 := rf.FromMap(barAws)
+	if err1 != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("failed to get instance of resources: %v", err1)
+	}
+	err = rm1.Append(r1)
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 	ac1 := MakeEmptyAccumulator()
 	err = ac1.AppendAll(rm1)
@@ -255,7 +267,11 @@ func TestResolveVarConflicts(t *testing.T) {
 	// two above (because it contains a variable whose name is used in the other
 	// accumulators AND whose concrete values are different).
 	rm2 := resmap.New()
-	err = rm2.Append(rf.FromMap(barGcp))
+	r2, err2 := rf.FromMap(barGcp)
+	if err2 != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("failed to get instance of resources: %v", err2)
+	}
+	err = rm2.Append(r2)
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 	ac2 := MakeEmptyAccumulator()
 	err = ac2.AppendAll(rm2)

api/internal/builtins/AnnotationsTransformer.go

@@ -1,6 +1,4 @@
 // Code generated by pluginator on AnnotationsTransformer; DO NOT EDIT.
-// pluginator {(devel)  unknown   }
-
 package builtins
 
 import (

api/internal/builtins/ConfigMapGenerator.go

@@ -1,6 +1,4 @@
 // Code generated by pluginator on ConfigMapGenerator; DO NOT EDIT.
-// pluginator {(devel)  unknown   }
-
 package builtins
 
 import (

api/internal/builtins/HashTransformer.go

@@ -1,6 +1,4 @@
 // Code generated by pluginator on HashTransformer; DO NOT EDIT.
-// pluginator {(devel)  unknown   }
-
 package builtins
 
 import (

api/internal/builtins/HelmChartInflationGenerator.go

@@ -1,6 +1,4 @@
 // Code generated by pluginator on HelmChartInflationGenerator; DO NOT EDIT.
-// pluginator {(devel)  unknown   }
-
 package builtins
 
 import (
@@ -10,13 +8,16 @@ import (
 	"os/exec"
 	"path/filepath"
 	"regexp"
+	"slices"
 	"strings"
 
-	"github.com/imdario/mergo"
+	"sigs.k8s.io/kustomize/api/konfig"
 	"sigs.k8s.io/kustomize/api/resmap"
 	"sigs.k8s.io/kustomize/api/types"
 	"sigs.k8s.io/kustomize/kyaml/errors"
 	"sigs.k8s.io/kustomize/kyaml/kio"
+	kyaml "sigs.k8s.io/kustomize/kyaml/yaml"
+	"sigs.k8s.io/kustomize/kyaml/yaml/merge2"
 	"sigs.k8s.io/yaml"
 )
 
@@ -53,6 +54,18 @@ func (p *HelmChartInflationGeneratorPlugin) Config(
 	if h.GeneralConfig().HelmConfig.Command == "" {
 		return fmt.Errorf("must specify --helm-command")
 	}
+
+	// CLI args takes precedence
+	if h.GeneralConfig().HelmConfig.KubeVersion != "" {
+		p.HelmChart.KubeVersion = h.GeneralConfig().HelmConfig.KubeVersion
+	}
+	if len(h.GeneralConfig().HelmConfig.ApiVersions) != 0 {
+		p.HelmChart.ApiVersions = h.GeneralConfig().HelmConfig.ApiVersions
+	}
+	if h.GeneralConfig().HelmConfig.Debug {
+		p.HelmChart.Debug = h.GeneralConfig().HelmConfig.Debug
+	}
+
 	p.h = h
 	if err = yaml.Unmarshal(config, p); err != nil {
 		return
@@ -91,7 +104,7 @@ func (p *HelmChartInflationGeneratorPlugin) validateArgs() (err error) {
 	// be under the loader root (unless root restrictions are
 	// disabled).
 	if p.ValuesFile == "" {
-		p.ValuesFile = filepath.Join(p.ChartHome, p.Name, "values.yaml")
+		p.ValuesFile = filepath.Join(p.absChartHome(), p.Name, "values.yaml")
 	}
 	for i, file := range p.AdditionalValuesFiles {
 		// use Load() to enforce root restrictions
@@ -132,10 +145,17 @@ func (p *HelmChartInflationGeneratorPlugin) errIfIllegalValuesMerge() error {
 }
 
 func (p *HelmChartInflationGeneratorPlugin) absChartHome() string {
+	var chartHome string
 	if filepath.IsAbs(p.ChartHome) {
-		return p.ChartHome
+		chartHome = p.ChartHome
+	} else {
+		chartHome = filepath.Join(p.h.Loader().Root(), p.ChartHome)
 	}
-	return filepath.Join(p.h.Loader().Root(), p.ChartHome)
+
+	if p.Version != "" && p.Repo != "" {
+		return filepath.Join(chartHome, fmt.Sprintf("%s-%s", p.Name, p.Version))
+	}
+	return chartHome
 }
 
 func (p *HelmChartInflationGeneratorPlugin) runHelmCommand(
@@ -151,13 +171,17 @@ func (p *HelmChartInflationGeneratorPlugin) runHelmCommand(
 		fmt.Sprintf("HELM_DATA_HOME=%s/.data", p.ConfigHome)}
 	cmd.Env = append(os.Environ(), env...)
 	err := cmd.Run()
+	errorOutput := stderr.String()
+	if slices.Contains(args, "--debug") {
+		errorOutput = " Helm stack trace:\n" + errorOutput + "\nHelm template:\n" + stdout.String() + "\n"
+	}
 	if err != nil {
 		helm := p.h.GeneralConfig().HelmConfig.Command
 		err = errors.WrapPrefixf(
 			fmt.Errorf(
 				"unable to run: '%s %s' with env=%s (is '%s' installed?): %w",
 				helm, strings.Join(args, " "), env, helm, err),
-			stderr.String(),
+			"%s", errorOutput,
 		)
 	}
 	return stdout.Bytes(), err
@@ -185,18 +209,33 @@ func (p *HelmChartInflationGeneratorPlugin) replaceValuesInline() error {
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
-	chValues := make(map[string]interface{})
-	if err = yaml.Unmarshal(pValues, &chValues); err != nil {
-		return err
+	chValues, err := kyaml.Parse(string(pValues))
+	if err != nil {
+		return errors.WrapPrefixf(err, "could not parse values file into rnode")
 	}
+	inlineValues, err := kyaml.FromMap(p.ValuesInline)
+	if err != nil {
+		return errors.WrapPrefixf(err, "could not parse values inline into rnode")
+	}
+	var outValues *kyaml.RNode
 	switch p.ValuesMerge {
+	// Function `merge2.Merge` overrides values in dest with values from src.
+	// To achieve override or merge behavior, we pass parameters in different order.
+	// Object passed as dest will be modified, so we copy it just in case someone
+	// decides to use it after this is called.
 	case valuesMergeOptionOverride:
-		err = mergo.Merge(
-			&chValues, p.ValuesInline, mergo.WithOverride)
+		outValues, err = merge2.Merge(inlineValues, chValues.Copy(), kyaml.MergeOptions{})
 	case valuesMergeOptionMerge:
-		err = mergo.Merge(&chValues, p.ValuesInline)
+		outValues, err = merge2.Merge(chValues, inlineValues.Copy(), kyaml.MergeOptions{})
 	}
-	p.ValuesInline = chValues
+	if err != nil {
+		return errors.WrapPrefixf(err, "could not merge values")
+	}
+	mapValues, err := outValues.Map()
+	if err != nil {
+		return errors.WrapPrefixf(err, "could not parse merged values into map")
+	}
+	p.ValuesInline = mapValues
 	return err
 }
 
@@ -256,11 +295,14 @@ func (p *HelmChartInflationGeneratorPlugin) Generate() (rm resmap.ResMap, err er
 
 	rm, resMapErr := p.h.ResmapFactory().NewResMapFromBytes(stdout)
 	if resMapErr == nil {
+		if err := p.markHelmGeneratedResources(rm); err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
 		return rm, nil
 	}
 	// try to remove the contents before first "---" because
 	// helm may produce messages to stdout before it
-	r := &kio.ByteReader{Reader: bytes.NewBufferString(string(stdout)), OmitReaderAnnotations: true}
+	r := &kio.ByteReader{Reader: bytes.NewBuffer(stdout), OmitReaderAnnotations: true}
 	nodes, err := r.Read()
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, fmt.Errorf("error reading helm output: %w", err)
@@ -271,6 +313,9 @@ func (p *HelmChartInflationGeneratorPlugin) Generate() (rm resmap.ResMap, err er
 		if err != nil {
 			return nil, fmt.Errorf("could not parse rnode slice into resource map: %w", err)
 		}
+		if err := p.markHelmGeneratedResources(rm); err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
 		return rm, nil
 	}
 	return nil, fmt.Errorf("could not parse bytes into resource map: %w", resMapErr)
@@ -281,11 +326,24 @@ func (p *HelmChartInflationGeneratorPlugin) pullCommand() []string {
 		"pull",
 		"--untar",
 		"--untardir", p.absChartHome(),
-		"--repo", p.Repo,
-		p.Name}
+	}
+
+	switch {
+	case strings.HasPrefix(p.Repo, "oci://"):
+		args = append(args, strings.TrimSuffix(p.Repo, "/")+"/"+p.Name)
+	case p.Repo != "":
+		args = append(args, "--repo", p.Repo)
+		fallthrough
+	default:
+		args = append(args, p.Name)
+	}
+
 	if p.Version != "" {
 		args = append(args, "--version", p.Version)
 	}
+	if p.Devel {
+		args = append(args, "--devel")
+	}
 	return args
 }
 
@@ -300,9 +358,18 @@ func (p *HelmChartInflationGeneratorPlugin) chartExistsLocally() (string, bool)
 	return path, s.IsDir()
 }
 
-// checkHelmVersion will return an error if the helm version is not V3
+func (p *HelmChartInflationGeneratorPlugin) markHelmGeneratedResources(rm resmap.ResMap) error {
+	for _, r := range rm.Resources() {
+		if err := r.RNode.PipeE(kyaml.SetAnnotation(konfig.HelmGeneratedAnnotation, "true")); err != nil {
+			return fmt.Errorf("failed to set helm annotation: %w", err)
+		}
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+// checkHelmVersion will return an error if the helm version is not V3 or V4
 func (p *HelmChartInflationGeneratorPlugin) checkHelmVersion() error {
-	stdout, err := p.runHelmCommand([]string{"version", "-c", "--short"})
+	stdout, err := p.runHelmCommand([]string{"version", "--short"})
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
@@ -318,8 +385,8 @@ func (p *HelmChartInflationGeneratorPlugin) checkHelmVersion() error {
 		v = v[1:]
 	}
 	majorVersion := strings.Split(v, ".")[0]
-	if majorVersion != "3" {
-		return fmt.Errorf("this plugin requires helm V3 but got v%s", v)
+	if majorVersion != "3" && majorVersion != "4" {
+		return fmt.Errorf("this plugin requires helm V3 or V4 but got v%s", v)
 	}
 	return nil
 }

api/internal/builtins/IAMPolicyGenerator.go

@@ -1,6 +1,4 @@
 // Code generated by pluginator on IAMPolicyGenerator; DO NOT EDIT.
-// pluginator {(devel)  unknown   }
-
 package builtins
 
 import (

api/internal/builtins/ImageTagTransformer.go

@@ -1,6 +1,4 @@
 // Code generated by pluginator on ImageTagTransformer; DO NOT EDIT.
-// pluginator {(devel)  unknown   }
-
 package builtins
 
 import (

api/internal/builtins/LabelTransformer.go

@@ -1,6 +1,4 @@
 // Code generated by pluginator on LabelTransformer; DO NOT EDIT.
-// pluginator {(devel)  unknown   }
-
 package builtins
 
 import (

api/internal/builtins/NamespaceTransformer.go

@@ -1,12 +1,11 @@
 // Code generated by pluginator on NamespaceTransformer; DO NOT EDIT.
-// pluginator {(devel)  unknown   }
-
 package builtins
 
 import (
 	"fmt"
 
 	"sigs.k8s.io/kustomize/api/filters/namespace"
+	"sigs.k8s.io/kustomize/api/konfig"
 	"sigs.k8s.io/kustomize/api/resmap"
 	"sigs.k8s.io/kustomize/api/types"
 	"sigs.k8s.io/kustomize/kyaml/errors"
@@ -14,6 +13,8 @@ import (
 )
 
 // Change or set the namespace of non-cluster level resources.
+//
+//nolint:tagalign
 type NamespaceTransformerPlugin struct {
 	types.ObjectMeta       `json:"metadata,omitempty" yaml:"metadata,omitempty" protobuf:"bytes,1,opt,name=metadata"`
 	FieldSpecs             []types.FieldSpec                `json:"fieldSpecs,omitempty" yaml:"fieldSpecs,omitempty"`
@@ -51,6 +52,10 @@ func (p *NamespaceTransformerPlugin) Transform(m resmap.ResMap) error {
 			// Don't mutate empty objects?
 			continue
 		}
+		if annotations := r.GetAnnotations(konfig.HelmGeneratedAnnotation); annotations[konfig.HelmGeneratedAnnotation] == "true" {
+			// Don't apply namespace on Helm generated manifest. Helm should take care of it.
+			continue
+		}
 		r.StorePreviousId()
 		if err := r.ApplyFilter(namespace.Filter{
 			Namespace:              p.Namespace,

api/internal/builtins/PatchJson6902Transformer.go

@@ -1,12 +1,10 @@
 // Code generated by pluginator on PatchJson6902Transformer; DO NOT EDIT.
-// pluginator {(devel)  unknown   }
-
 package builtins
 
 import (
 	"fmt"
 
-	jsonpatch "github.com/evanphx/json-patch"
+	jsonpatch "gopkg.in/evanphx/json-patch.v4"
 	"sigs.k8s.io/kustomize/api/filters/patchjson6902"
 	"sigs.k8s.io/kustomize/api/ifc"
 	"sigs.k8s.io/kustomize/api/resmap"

api/internal/builtins/PatchStrategicMergeTransformer.go

@@ -1,6 +1,4 @@
 // Code generated by pluginator on PatchStrategicMergeTransformer; DO NOT EDIT.
-// pluginator {(devel)  unknown   }
-
 package builtins
 
 import (

api/internal/builtins/PatchTransformer.go

@@ -1,110 +1,135 @@
 // Code generated by pluginator on PatchTransformer; DO NOT EDIT.
-// pluginator {(devel)  unknown   }
-
 package builtins
 
 import (
 	"fmt"
 	"strings"
 
-	jsonpatch "github.com/evanphx/json-patch"
+	jsonpatch "gopkg.in/evanphx/json-patch.v4"
 	"sigs.k8s.io/kustomize/api/filters/patchjson6902"
 	"sigs.k8s.io/kustomize/api/resmap"
 	"sigs.k8s.io/kustomize/api/resource"
 	"sigs.k8s.io/kustomize/api/types"
+	"sigs.k8s.io/kustomize/kyaml/errors"
 	"sigs.k8s.io/kustomize/kyaml/kio/kioutil"
 	"sigs.k8s.io/yaml"
 )
 
 type PatchTransformerPlugin struct {
-	loadedPatch  *resource.Resource
-	decodedPatch jsonpatch.Patch
-	Path         string          `json:"path,omitempty" yaml:"path,omitempty"`
-	Patch        string          `json:"patch,omitempty" yaml:"patch,omitempty"`
-	Target       *types.Selector `json:"target,omitempty" yaml:"target,omitempty"`
-	Options      map[string]bool `json:"options,omitempty" yaml:"options,omitempty"`
+	smPatches   []*resource.Resource // strategic-merge patches
+	jsonPatches jsonpatch.Patch      // json6902 patch
+	// patchText is pure patch text created by Path or Patch
+	patchText string
+	// patchSource is patch source message
+	patchSource string
+	Path        string           `json:"path,omitempty"    yaml:"path,omitempty"`
+	Patch       string           `json:"patch,omitempty"   yaml:"patch,omitempty"`
+	Target      *types.Selector  `json:"target,omitempty"  yaml:"target,omitempty"`
+	Options     *types.PatchArgs `json:"options,omitempty" yaml:"options,omitempty"`
 }
 
-func (p *PatchTransformerPlugin) Config(
-	h *resmap.PluginHelpers, c []byte) error {
-	err := yaml.Unmarshal(c, p)
-	if err != nil {
+func (p *PatchTransformerPlugin) Config(h *resmap.PluginHelpers, c []byte) error {
+	if err := yaml.Unmarshal(c, p); err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
+
 	p.Patch = strings.TrimSpace(p.Patch)
-	if p.Patch == "" && p.Path == "" {
-		return fmt.Errorf(
-			"must specify one of patch and path in\n%s", string(c))
-	}
-	if p.Patch != "" && p.Path != "" {
-		return fmt.Errorf(
-			"patch and path can't be set at the same time\n%s", string(c))
-	}
-	if p.Path != "" {
-		loaded, loadErr := h.Loader().Load(p.Path)
-		if loadErr != nil {
-			return loadErr
+	switch {
+	case p.Patch == "" && p.Path == "":
+		return fmt.Errorf("must specify one of patch and path in\n%s", string(c))
+	case p.Patch != "" && p.Path != "":
+		return fmt.Errorf("patch and path can't be set at the same time\n%s", string(c))
+	case p.Patch != "":
+		p.patchText = p.Patch
+		p.patchSource = fmt.Sprintf("[patch: %q]", p.patchText)
+	case p.Path != "":
+		loaded, err := h.Loader().Load(p.Path)
+		if err != nil {
+			return fmt.Errorf("failed to get the patch file from path(%s): %w", p.Path, err)
 		}
-		p.Patch = string(loaded)
+		p.patchText = string(loaded)
+		p.patchSource = fmt.Sprintf("[path: %q]", p.Path)
 	}
 
-	patchSM, errSM := h.ResmapFactory().RF().FromBytes([]byte(p.Patch))
-	patchJson, errJson := jsonPatchFromBytes([]byte(p.Patch))
-	if (errSM == nil && errJson == nil) ||
-		(patchSM != nil && patchJson != nil) {
+	patchesSM, errSM := h.ResmapFactory().RF().SliceFromBytes([]byte(p.patchText))
+	patchesJson, errJson := jsonPatchFromBytes([]byte(p.patchText))
+
+	if ((errSM == nil && errJson == nil) ||
+		(patchesSM != nil && patchesJson != nil)) &&
+		(len(patchesSM) > 0 && len(patchesJson) > 0) {
 		return fmt.Errorf(
-			"illegally qualifies as both an SM and JSON patch: [%v]",
-			p.Patch)
+			"illegally qualifies as both an SM and JSON patch: %s",
+			p.patchSource)
 	}
 	if errSM != nil && errJson != nil {
 		return fmt.Errorf(
-			"unable to parse SM or JSON patch from [%v]", p.Patch)
+			"unable to parse SM or JSON patch from %s", p.patchSource)
 	}
 	if errSM == nil {
-		p.loadedPatch = patchSM
-		if p.Options["allowNameChange"] {
-			p.loadedPatch.AllowNameChange()
-		}
-		if p.Options["allowKindChange"] {
-			p.loadedPatch.AllowKindChange()
+		p.smPatches = patchesSM
+		for _, loadedPatch := range p.smPatches {
+			if p.Options == nil {
+				continue
+			}
+
+			if p.Options.AllowNameChange {
+				loadedPatch.AllowNameChange()
+			}
+			if p.Options.AllowKindChange {
+				loadedPatch.AllowKindChange()
+			}
 		}
 	} else {
-		p.decodedPatch = patchJson
+		p.jsonPatches = patchesJson
 	}
 	return nil
 }
 
 func (p *PatchTransformerPlugin) Transform(m resmap.ResMap) error {
-	if p.loadedPatch == nil {
-		return p.transformJson6902(m, p.decodedPatch)
+	if p.smPatches != nil {
+		return p.transformStrategicMerge(m)
 	}
-	// The patch was a strategic merge patch
-	return p.transformStrategicMerge(m, p.loadedPatch)
+	if p.jsonPatches != nil {
+		return p.transformJson6902(m)
+	}
+	return nil
 }
 
-// transformStrategicMerge applies the provided strategic merge patch
-// to all the resources in the ResMap that match either the Target or
-// the identifier of the patch.
-func (p *PatchTransformerPlugin) transformStrategicMerge(m resmap.ResMap, patch *resource.Resource) error {
-	if p.Target == nil {
+// transformStrategicMerge applies each loaded strategic merge patch
+// to the resource in the ResMap that matches the identifier of the patch.
+// If only one patch is specified, the Target can be used instead.
+func (p *PatchTransformerPlugin) transformStrategicMerge(m resmap.ResMap) error {
+	if p.Target != nil {
+		if len(p.smPatches) > 1 {
+			// detail: https://github.com/kubernetes-sigs/kustomize/issues/5049#issuecomment-1440604403
+			return fmt.Errorf("Multiple Strategic-Merge Patches in one `patches` entry is not allowed to set `patches.target` field: %s", p.patchSource)
+		}
+
+		// single patch
+		patch := p.smPatches[0]
+		selected, err := m.Select(*p.Target)
+		if err != nil {
+			return fmt.Errorf("unable to find patch target %q in `resources`: %w", p.Target, err)
+		}
+		return errors.Wrap(m.ApplySmPatch(resource.MakeIdSet(selected), patch))
+	}
+
+	for _, patch := range p.smPatches {
 		target, err := m.GetById(patch.OrgId())
 		if err != nil {
-			return err
+			return fmt.Errorf("no resource matches strategic merge patch %q: %w", patch.OrgId(), err)
+		}
+		if err := target.ApplySmPatch(patch); err != nil {
+			return errors.Wrap(err)
 		}
-		return target.ApplySmPatch(patch)
 	}
-	selected, err := m.Select(*p.Target)
-	if err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-	return m.ApplySmPatch(resource.MakeIdSet(selected), patch)
+	return nil
 }
 
-// transformJson6902 applies the provided json6902 patch
-// to all the resources in the ResMap that match the Target.
-func (p *PatchTransformerPlugin) transformJson6902(m resmap.ResMap, patch jsonpatch.Patch) error {
+// transformJson6902 applies json6902 Patch to all the resources in the ResMap that match Target.
+func (p *PatchTransformerPlugin) transformJson6902(m resmap.ResMap) error {
 	if p.Target == nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("must specify a target for patch %s", p.Patch)
+		return fmt.Errorf("must specify a target for JSON patch %s", p.patchSource)
 	}
 	resources, err := m.Select(*p.Target)
 	if err != nil {
@@ -114,7 +139,7 @@ func (p *PatchTransformerPlugin) transformJson6902(m resmap.ResMap, patch jsonpa
 		res.StorePreviousId()
 		internalAnnotations := kioutil.GetInternalAnnotations(&res.RNode)
 		err = res.ApplyFilter(patchjson6902.Filter{
-			Patch: p.Patch,
+			Patch: p.patchText,
 		})
 		if err != nil {
 			return err
@@ -129,16 +154,17 @@ func (p *PatchTransformerPlugin) transformJson6902(m resmap.ResMap, patch jsonpa
 	return nil
 }
 
-// jsonPatchFromBytes loads a Json 6902 patch from
-// a bytes input
-func jsonPatchFromBytes(
-	in []byte) (jsonpatch.Patch, error) {
+// jsonPatchFromBytes loads a Json 6902 patch from a bytes input
+func jsonPatchFromBytes(in []byte) (jsonpatch.Patch, error) {
 	ops := string(in)
 	if ops == "" {
 		return nil, fmt.Errorf("empty json patch operations")
 	}
 
 	if ops[0] != '[' {
+		// TODO(5049):
+		//   In the case of multiple yaml documents, return error instead of ignoring all but first.
+		//   Details: https://github.com/kubernetes-sigs/kustomize/pull/5194#discussion_r1256686728
 		jsonOps, err := yaml.YAMLToJSON(in)
 		if err != nil {
 			return nil, err

api/internal/builtins/PrefixTransformer.go

@@ -1,6 +1,4 @@
 // Code generated by pluginator on PrefixTransformer; DO NOT EDIT.
-// pluginator {(devel)  unknown   }
-
 package builtins
 
 import (

api/internal/builtins/ReplacementTransformer.go

@@ -1,6 +1,4 @@
 // Code generated by pluginator on ReplacementTransformer; DO NOT EDIT.
-// pluginator {(devel)  unknown   }
-
 package builtins
 
 import (
@@ -16,7 +14,7 @@ import (
 // Replace values in targets with values from a source
 type ReplacementTransformerPlugin struct {
 	ReplacementList []types.ReplacementField `json:"replacements,omitempty" yaml:"replacements,omitempty"`
-	Replacements    []types.Replacement      `json:"omitempty" yaml:"omitempty"`
+	replacements    []types.Replacement
 }
 
 func (p *ReplacementTransformerPlugin) Config(
@@ -49,19 +47,19 @@ func (p *ReplacementTransformerPlugin) Config(
 				if err := yaml.Unmarshal(content, &repl); err != nil {
 					return err
 				}
-				p.Replacements = append(p.Replacements, repl...)
+				p.replacements = append(p.replacements, repl...)
 			case reflect.Map:
 				repl := types.Replacement{}
 				if err := yaml.Unmarshal(content, &repl); err != nil {
 					return err
 				}
-				p.Replacements = append(p.Replacements, repl)
+				p.replacements = append(p.replacements, repl)
 			default:
 				return fmt.Errorf("unsupported replacement type encountered within replacement path: %v", items.Kind())
 			}
 		} else {
 			// replacement information is already loaded
-			p.Replacements = append(p.Replacements, r.Replacement)
+			p.replacements = append(p.replacements, r.Replacement)
 		}
 	}
 	return nil
@@ -69,7 +67,7 @@ func (p *ReplacementTransformerPlugin) Config(
 
 func (p *ReplacementTransformerPlugin) Transform(m resmap.ResMap) (err error) {
 	return m.ApplyFilter(replacement.Filter{
-		Replacements: p.Replacements,
+		Replacements: p.replacements,
 	})
 }
 

api/internal/builtins/ReplicaCountTransformer.go

@@ -1,6 +1,4 @@
 // Code generated by pluginator on ReplicaCountTransformer; DO NOT EDIT.
-// pluginator {(devel)  unknown   }
-
 package builtins
 
 import (

api/internal/builtins/SecretGenerator.go

@@ -1,6 +1,4 @@
 // Code generated by pluginator on SecretGenerator; DO NOT EDIT.
-// pluginator {(devel)  unknown   }
-
 package builtins
 
 import (

api/internal/builtins/SortOrderTransformer.go

@@ -1,6 +1,4 @@
 // Code generated by pluginator on SortOrderTransformer; DO NOT EDIT.
-// pluginator {(devel)  unknown   }
-
 package builtins
 
 import (
@@ -74,34 +72,16 @@ func (p *SortOrderTransformerPlugin) Transform(m resmap.ResMap) (err error) {
 
 	// Sort
 	if p.SortOptions.Order == types.LegacySortOrder {
-		s := newLegacyIDSorter(m.AllIds(), p.SortOptions.LegacySortOptions)
+		s := newLegacyIDSorter(m.Resources(), p.SortOptions.LegacySortOptions)
 		sort.Sort(s)
-		err = applyOrdering(m, s.resids)
-		if err != nil {
-			return err
-		}
-	}
-	return nil
-}
 
-// applyOrdering takes resources (given in ResMap) and a desired ordering given
-// as a sequence of ResIds, and updates the ResMap's resources to match the
-// ordering.
-func applyOrdering(m resmap.ResMap, ordering []resid.ResId) error {
-	var err error
-	resources := make([]*resource.Resource, m.Size())
-	// Clear and refill with the correct order
-	for i, id := range ordering {
-		resources[i], err = m.GetByCurrentId(id)
-		if err != nil {
-			return errors.WrapPrefixf(err, "expected match for sorting")
-		}
-	}
-	m.Clear()
-	for _, r := range resources {
-		err = m.Append(r)
-		if err != nil {
-			return errors.WrapPrefixf(err, "SortOrderTransformer: Failed to append to resources")
+		// Clear the map and re-add the resources in the sorted order.
+		m.Clear()
+		for _, r := range s.resources {
+			err := m.Append(r)
+			if err != nil {
+				return errors.WrapPrefixf(err, "SortOrderTransformer: Failed to append to resources")
+			}
 		}
 	}
 	return nil
@@ -117,12 +97,17 @@ func applyOrdering(m resmap.ResMap, ordering []resid.ResId) error {
 type legacyIDSorter struct {
 	// resids only stores the metadata of the object. This is an optimization as
 	// it's expensive to compute these again and again during ordering.
-	resids     []resid.ResId
+	resids []resid.ResId
+	// Initially, we sorted the metadata (ResId) of each object and then called GetByCurrentId on each to construct the final list.
+	// The problem is that GetByCurrentId is inefficient and does a linear scan in a list every time we do that.
+	// So instead, we sort resources alongside the ResIds.
+	resources []*resource.Resource
+
 	typeOrders map[string]int
 }
 
 func newLegacyIDSorter(
-	resids []resid.ResId,
+	resources []*resource.Resource,
 	options *types.LegacySortOptions) *legacyIDSorter {
 	// Precalculate a resource ranking based on the priority lists.
 	var typeOrders = func() map[string]int {
@@ -135,10 +120,13 @@ func newLegacyIDSorter(
 		}
 		return m
 	}()
-	return &legacyIDSorter{
-		resids:     resids,
-		typeOrders: typeOrders,
+
+	ret := &legacyIDSorter{typeOrders: typeOrders}
+	for _, res := range resources {
+		ret.resids = append(ret.resids, res.CurId())
+		ret.resources = append(ret.resources, res)
 	}
+	return ret
 }
 
 var _ sort.Interface = legacyIDSorter{}
@@ -146,6 +134,7 @@ var _ sort.Interface = legacyIDSorter{}
 func (a legacyIDSorter) Len() int { return len(a.resids) }
 func (a legacyIDSorter) Swap(i, j int) {
 	a.resids[i], a.resids[j] = a.resids[j], a.resids[i]
+	a.resources[i], a.resources[j] = a.resources[j], a.resources[i]
 }
 func (a legacyIDSorter) Less(i, j int) bool {
 	if !a.resids[i].Gvk.Equals(a.resids[j].Gvk) {
@@ -160,6 +149,9 @@ func gvkLessThan(gvk1, gvk2 resid.Gvk, typeOrders map[string]int) bool {
 	if index1 != index2 {
 		return index1 < index2
 	}
+	if (gvk1.Kind == types.NamespaceKind && gvk2.Kind == types.NamespaceKind) && (gvk1.Group == "" || gvk2.Group == "") {
+		return legacyGVKSortString(gvk1) > legacyGVKSortString(gvk2)
+	}
 	return legacyGVKSortString(gvk1) < legacyGVKSortString(gvk2)
 }
 

api/internal/builtins/SuffixTransformer.go

@@ -1,6 +1,4 @@
 // Code generated by pluginator on SuffixTransformer; DO NOT EDIT.
-// pluginator {(devel)  unknown   }
-
 package builtins
 
 import (

api/internal/builtins/ValueAddTransformer.go

@@ -1,6 +1,4 @@
 // Code generated by pluginator on ValueAddTransformer; DO NOT EDIT.
-// pluginator {(devel)  unknown   }
-
 package builtins
 
 import (

api/internal/generators/configmap_test.go

@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ import (
 	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
 	. "sigs.k8s.io/kustomize/api/internal/generators"
 	"sigs.k8s.io/kustomize/api/kv"
-	"sigs.k8s.io/kustomize/api/loader"
+	"sigs.k8s.io/kustomize/api/pkg/loader"
 	valtest_test "sigs.k8s.io/kustomize/api/testutils/valtest"
 	"sigs.k8s.io/kustomize/api/types"
 	"sigs.k8s.io/kustomize/kyaml/filesys"

api/internal/generators/secret_test.go

@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ import (
 	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
 	. "sigs.k8s.io/kustomize/api/internal/generators"
 	"sigs.k8s.io/kustomize/api/kv"
-	"sigs.k8s.io/kustomize/api/loader"
+	"sigs.k8s.io/kustomize/api/pkg/loader"
 	valtest_test "sigs.k8s.io/kustomize/api/testutils/valtest"
 	"sigs.k8s.io/kustomize/api/types"
 	"sigs.k8s.io/kustomize/kyaml/filesys"

api/internal/git/cloner.go

@@ -22,10 +22,16 @@ func ClonerUsingGitExec(repoSpec *RepoSpec) error {
 	if err = r.run("init"); err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
+	// git relative submodule need origin, see https://github.com/kubernetes-sigs/kustomize/issues/5131
+	if err = r.run("remote", "add", "origin", repoSpec.CloneSpec()); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
 	ref := "HEAD"
 	if repoSpec.Ref != "" {
 		ref = repoSpec.Ref
 	}
+	// we use repoSpec.CloneSpec() instead of origin because on error,
+	// the prior prints the actual repo url for the user.
 	if err = r.run("fetch", "--depth=1", repoSpec.CloneSpec(), ref); err != nil {
 		return err
 	}

api/internal/image/image_test.go

@@ -1,12 +1,13 @@
 // Copyright 2020 The Kubernetes Authors.
 // SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
 
-package image
+package image_test
 
 import (
 	"testing"
 
 	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+	"sigs.k8s.io/kustomize/api/internal/image"
 )
 
 func TestIsImageMatched(t *testing.T) {
@@ -50,7 +51,7 @@ func TestIsImageMatched(t *testing.T) {
 
 	for _, tc := range testCases {
 		t.Run(tc.testName, func(t *testing.T) {
-			assert.Equal(t, tc.isMatched, IsImageMatched(tc.value, tc.name))
+			assert.Equal(t, tc.isMatched, image.IsImageMatched(tc.value, tc.name))
 		})
 	}
 }
@@ -116,7 +117,7 @@ func TestSplit(t *testing.T) {
 
 	for _, tc := range testCases {
 		t.Run(tc.testName, func(t *testing.T) {
-			name, tag, digest := Split(tc.value)
+			name, tag, digest := image.Split(tc.value)
 			assert.Equal(t, tc.name, name)
 			assert.Equal(t, tc.tag, tag)
 			assert.Equal(t, tc.digest, digest)

api/internal/konfig/builtinpluginconsts/commonlabels.go

@@ -110,4 +110,4 @@ commonLabels:
   create: false
   group: networking.k8s.io
   kind: NetworkPolicy
-` + metadataLabelsFieldSpecs
+` + metadataLabelsFieldSpecs + volumeClaimTemplatesMetadataLabels

api/internal/konfig/builtinpluginconsts/defaultconfig.go

@@ -14,6 +14,7 @@ func GetDefaultFieldSpecs() []byte {
 		[]byte(nameSuffixFieldSpecs),
 		[]byte(commonLabelFieldSpecs),
 		[]byte(templateLabelFieldSpecs),
+		[]byte(volumeClaimTemplateLabelFieldSpecs),
 		[]byte(commonAnnotationFieldSpecs),
 		[]byte(namespaceFieldSpecs),
 		[]byte(varReferenceFieldSpecs),
@@ -32,6 +33,7 @@ func GetDefaultFieldSpecsAsMap() map[string]string {
 	result["namesuffix"] = nameSuffixFieldSpecs
 	result["commonlabels"] = commonLabelFieldSpecs
 	result["templatelabels"] = templateLabelFieldSpecs
+	result["volumeclaimtemplatelabels"] = volumeClaimTemplateLabelFieldSpecs
 	result["commonannotations"] = commonAnnotationFieldSpecs
 	result["namespace"] = namespaceFieldSpecs
 	result["varreference"] = varReferenceFieldSpecs

api/internal/konfig/builtinpluginconsts/images.go

@@ -10,9 +10,13 @@ images:
   create: true
 - path: spec/initContainers[]/image
   create: true
+- path: spec/volumes[]/image/reference
+  create: true
 - path: spec/template/spec/containers[]/image
   create: true
 - path: spec/template/spec/initContainers[]/image
   create: true
+- path: spec/template/spec/volumes[]/image/reference
+  create: true
 `
 )

api/internal/konfig/builtinpluginconsts/metadatalabels.go

@@ -29,11 +29,6 @@ const metadataLabelsFieldSpecs = `
   group: apps
   kind: StatefulSet
 
-- path: spec/volumeClaimTemplates[]/metadata/labels
-  create: true
-  group: apps
-  kind: StatefulSet
-
 - path: spec/template/metadata/labels
   create: true
   group: batch

api/internal/konfig/builtinpluginconsts/namereference.go

@@ -421,6 +421,13 @@ nameReference:
   fieldSpecs:
   - path: spec/ingressClassName
     kind: Ingress
+
+- kind: ValidatingAdmissionPolicy
+  group: admissionregistration.k8s.io
+  fieldSpecs:
+  - path: spec/policyName
+    kind: ValidatingAdmissionPolicyBinding
+    group: admissionregistration.k8s.io
 `
 )
 

api/internal/konfig/builtinpluginconsts/volumeclaimmetadatalabels.go

@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+// Copyright 2019 The Kubernetes Authors.
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
+
+package builtinpluginconsts
+
+const volumeClaimTemplateLabelFieldSpecs = `
+volumeClaimTemplateLabels:
+` + volumeClaimTemplatesMetadataLabels
+
+const volumeClaimTemplatesMetadataLabels = `
+- path: spec/volumeClaimTemplates[]/metadata/labels
+  create: true
+  group: apps
+  kind: StatefulSet
+`

api/internal/loader/fileloader.go

@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ func IsRemoteFile(path string) bool {
 	return err == nil && (u.Scheme == "http" || u.Scheme == "https")
 }
 
-// fileLoader is a kustomization's interface to files.
+// FileLoader is a kustomization's interface to files.
 //
 // The directory in which a kustomization file sits
 // is referred to below as the kustomization's _root_.
@@ -38,49 +38,48 @@ func IsRemoteFile(path string) bool {
 //
 // * supplemental data paths
 //
-//   `Load` is used to visit these paths.
+//	`Load` is used to visit these paths.
 //
-//   These paths refer to resources, patches,
-//   data for ConfigMaps and Secrets, etc.
+//	These paths refer to resources, patches,
+//	data for ConfigMaps and Secrets, etc.
 //
-//   The loadRestrictor may disallow certain paths
-//   or classes of paths.
+//	The loadRestrictor may disallow certain paths
+//	or classes of paths.
 //
 // * bases (other kustomizations)
 //
-//   `New` is used to load bases.
+//	`New` is used to load bases.
 //
-//   A base can be either a remote git repo URL, or
-//   a directory specified relative to the current
-//   root. In the former case, the repo is locally
-//   cloned, and the new loader is rooted on a path
-//   in that clone.
+//	A base can be either a remote git repo URL, or
+//	a directory specified relative to the current
+//	root. In the former case, the repo is locally
+//	cloned, and the new loader is rooted on a path
+//	in that clone.
 //
-//   As loaders create new loaders, a root history
-//   is established, and used to disallow:
+//	As loaders create new loaders, a root history
+//	is established, and used to disallow:
 //
-//   - A base that is a repository that, in turn,
-//     specifies a base repository seen previously
-//     in the loading stack (a cycle).
+//	- A base that is a repository that, in turn,
+//	  specifies a base repository seen previously
+//	  in the loading stack (a cycle).
 //
-//   - An overlay depending on a base positioned at
-//     or above it.  I.e. '../foo' is OK, but '.',
-//     '..', '../..', etc. are disallowed.  Allowing
-//     such a base has no advantages and encourages
-//     cycles, particularly if some future change
-//     were to introduce globbing to file
-//     specifications in the kustomization file.
+//	- An overlay depending on a base positioned at
+//	  or above it.  I.e. '../foo' is OK, but '.',
+//	  '..', '../..', etc. are disallowed.  Allowing
+//	  such a base has no advantages and encourages
+//	  cycles, particularly if some future change
+//	  were to introduce globbing to file
+//	  specifications in the kustomization file.
 //
 // These restrictions assure that kustomizations
 // are self-contained and relocatable, and impose
 // some safety when relying on remote kustomizations,
 // e.g. a remotely loaded ConfigMap generator specified
 // to read from /etc/passwd will fail.
-//
-type fileLoader struct {
+type FileLoader struct {
 	// Loader that spawned this loader.
 	// Used to avoid cycles.
-	referrer *fileLoader
+	referrer *FileLoader
 
 	// An absolute, cleaned path to a directory.
 	// The Load function will read non-absolute
@@ -107,23 +106,9 @@ type fileLoader struct {
 	cleaner func() error
 }
 
-// NewFileLoaderAtCwd returns a loader that loads from PWD.
-// A convenience for kustomize edit commands.
-func NewFileLoaderAtCwd(fSys filesys.FileSystem) *fileLoader {
-	return newLoaderOrDie(
-		RestrictionRootOnly, fSys, filesys.SelfDir)
-}
-
-// NewFileLoaderAtRoot returns a loader that loads from "/".
-// A convenience for tests.
-func NewFileLoaderAtRoot(fSys filesys.FileSystem) *fileLoader {
-	return newLoaderOrDie(
-		RestrictionRootOnly, fSys, filesys.Separator)
-}
-
 // Repo returns the absolute path to the repo that contains Root if this fileLoader was created from a url
 // or the empty string otherwise.
-func (fl *fileLoader) Repo() string {
+func (fl *FileLoader) Repo() string {
 	if fl.repoSpec != nil {
 		return fl.repoSpec.Dir.String()
 	}
@@ -132,13 +117,13 @@ func (fl *fileLoader) Repo() string {
 
 // Root returns the absolute path that is prepended to any
 // relative paths used in Load.
-func (fl *fileLoader) Root() string {
+func (fl *FileLoader) Root() string {
 	return fl.root.String()
 }
 
-func newLoaderOrDie(
+func NewLoaderOrDie(
 	lr LoadRestrictorFunc,
-	fSys filesys.FileSystem, path string) *fileLoader {
+	fSys filesys.FileSystem, path string) *FileLoader {
 	root, err := filesys.ConfirmDir(fSys, path)
 	if err != nil {
 		log.Fatalf("unable to make loader at '%s'; %v", path, err)
@@ -147,12 +132,12 @@ func newLoaderOrDie(
 		lr, root, fSys, nil, git.ClonerUsingGitExec)
 }
 
-// newLoaderAtConfirmedDir returns a new fileLoader with given root.
+// newLoaderAtConfirmedDir returns a new FileLoader with given root.
 func newLoaderAtConfirmedDir(
 	lr LoadRestrictorFunc,
 	root filesys.ConfirmedDir, fSys filesys.FileSystem,
-	referrer *fileLoader, cloner git.Cloner) *fileLoader {
-	return &fileLoader{
+	referrer *FileLoader, cloner git.Cloner) *FileLoader {
+	return &FileLoader{
 		loadRestrictor: lr,
 		root:           root,
 		referrer:       referrer,
@@ -162,9 +147,29 @@ func newLoaderAtConfirmedDir(
 	}
 }
 
+// hasAmbiguousPathSegment reports whether path contains a segment with ".."
+// embedded in it (not ".." itself). This pattern results from YAML indentation
+// errors where two list entries merge into one scalar, e.g.:
+//
+//	resources:
+//	- ../../base
+//	 - ../../shared/prod
+//
+// YAML parses this as "../../base - ../../shared/prod", producing segment
+// "base - .." which filepath.Clean absorbs, silently resolving to an
+// unintended directory.
+func hasAmbiguousPathSegment(path string) bool {
+	for _, part := range strings.Split(filepath.ToSlash(path), "/") {
+		if part != "" && part != "." && part != ".." && strings.Contains(part, "..") {
+			return true
+		}
+	}
+	return false
+}
+
 // New returns a new Loader, rooted relative to current loader,
 // or rooted in a temp directory holding a git repo clone.
-func (fl *fileLoader) New(path string) (ifc.Loader, error) {
+func (fl *FileLoader) New(path string) (ifc.Loader, error) {
 	if path == "" {
 		return nil, errors.Errorf("new root cannot be empty")
 	}
@@ -182,9 +187,16 @@ func (fl *fileLoader) New(path string) (ifc.Loader, error) {
 	if filepath.IsAbs(path) {
 		return nil, fmt.Errorf("new root '%s' cannot be absolute", path)
 	}
+	if hasAmbiguousPathSegment(path) {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf(
+			"path %q is ambiguous: resolves to %q after normalization, "+
+				"which is likely not the intended target; check for YAML "+
+				"indentation errors in your kustomization file",
+			path, filepath.Clean(path))
+	}
 	root, err := filesys.ConfirmDir(fl.fSys, fl.root.Join(path))
 	if err != nil {
-		return nil, errors.WrapPrefixf(err, ErrRtNotDir.Error())
+		return nil, errors.WrapPrefixf(err, "%s", ErrRtNotDir.Error())
 	}
 	if err = fl.errIfGitContainmentViolation(root); err != nil {
 		return nil, err
@@ -200,7 +212,7 @@ func (fl *fileLoader) New(path string) (ifc.Loader, error) {
 // directory holding a cloned git repo.
 func newLoaderAtGitClone(
 	repoSpec *git.RepoSpec, fSys filesys.FileSystem,
-	referrer *fileLoader, cloner git.Cloner) (ifc.Loader, error) {
+	referrer *FileLoader, cloner git.Cloner) (ifc.Loader, error) {
 	cleaner := repoSpec.Cleaner(fSys)
 	err := cloner(repoSpec)
 	if err != nil {
@@ -229,7 +241,7 @@ func newLoaderAtGitClone(
 		return nil, fmt.Errorf("%q refers to directory outside of repo %q", repoSpec.AbsPath(),
 			repoSpec.CloneDir())
 	}
-	return &fileLoader{
+	return &FileLoader{
 		// Clones never allowed to escape root.
 		loadRestrictor: RestrictionRootOnly,
 		root:           root,
@@ -241,7 +253,7 @@ func newLoaderAtGitClone(
 	}, nil
 }
 
-func (fl *fileLoader) errIfGitContainmentViolation(
+func (fl *FileLoader) errIfGitContainmentViolation(
 	base filesys.ConfirmedDir) error {
 	containingRepo := fl.containingRepo()
 	if containingRepo == nil {
@@ -259,7 +271,7 @@ func (fl *fileLoader) errIfGitContainmentViolation(
 
 // Looks back through referrers for a git repo, returning nil
 // if none found.
-func (fl *fileLoader) containingRepo() *git.RepoSpec {
+func (fl *FileLoader) containingRepo() *git.RepoSpec {
 	if fl.repoSpec != nil {
 		return fl.repoSpec
 	}
@@ -271,7 +283,7 @@ func (fl *fileLoader) containingRepo() *git.RepoSpec {
 
 // errIfArgEqualOrHigher tests whether the argument,
 // is equal to or above the root of any ancestor.
-func (fl *fileLoader) errIfArgEqualOrHigher(
+func (fl *FileLoader) errIfArgEqualOrHigher(
 	candidateRoot filesys.ConfirmedDir) error {
 	if fl.root.HasPrefix(candidateRoot) {
 		return fmt.Errorf(
@@ -288,7 +300,7 @@ func (fl *fileLoader) errIfArgEqualOrHigher(
 // I.e. Allow a distinction between git URI with
 // path foo and tag bar and a git URI with the same
 // path but a different tag?
-func (fl *fileLoader) errIfRepoCycle(newRepoSpec *git.RepoSpec) error {
+func (fl *FileLoader) errIfRepoCycle(newRepoSpec *git.RepoSpec) error {
 	// TODO(monopole): Use parsed data instead of Raw().
 	if fl.repoSpec != nil &&
 		strings.HasPrefix(fl.repoSpec.Raw(), newRepoSpec.Raw()) {
@@ -305,7 +317,7 @@ func (fl *fileLoader) errIfRepoCycle(newRepoSpec *git.RepoSpec) error {
 // Load returns the content of file at the given path,
 // else an error. Relative paths are taken relative
 // to the root.
-func (fl *fileLoader) Load(path string) ([]byte, error) {
+func (fl *FileLoader) Load(path string) ([]byte, error) {
 	if IsRemoteFile(path) {
 		return fl.httpClientGetContent(path)
 	}
@@ -319,14 +331,18 @@ func (fl *fileLoader) Load(path string) ([]byte, error) {
 	return fl.fSys.ReadFile(path)
 }
 
-func (fl *fileLoader) httpClientGetContent(path string) ([]byte, error) {
+func (fl *FileLoader) httpClientGetContent(path string) ([]byte, error) {
 	var hc *http.Client
 	if fl.http != nil {
 		hc = fl.http
 	} else {
 		hc = &http.Client{}
 	}
-	resp, err := hc.Get(path)
+	parsedURL, err := url.ParseRequestURI(path)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, errors.Wrap(err)
+	}
+	resp, err := hc.Get(parsedURL.String())
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, errors.Wrap(err)
 	}
@@ -344,6 +360,6 @@ func (fl *fileLoader) httpClientGetContent(path string) ([]byte, error) {
 }
 
 // Cleanup runs the cleaner.
-func (fl *fileLoader) Cleanup() error {
+func (fl *FileLoader) Cleanup() error {
 	return fl.cleaner()
 }

api/internal/loader/fileloader_test.go

@@ -31,6 +31,11 @@ func TestIsRemoteFile(t *testing.T) {
 			"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/kubernetes-sigs/kustomize/master/examples/helloWorld/configMap.yaml",
 			true,
 		},
+		"malformed https": {
+			// TODO(annasong): Maybe we want to fix this. Needs more research.
+			"https:/raw.githubusercontent.com/kubernetes-sigs/kustomize/master/examples/helloWorld/configMap.yaml",
+			true,
+		},
 		"https dir": {
 			"https://github.com/kubernetes-sigs/kustomize//examples/helloWorld/",
 			true,
@@ -61,7 +66,7 @@ type testData struct {
 	expectedContent string
 }
 
-var testCases = []testData{
+var testCases = []testData{ //nolint:gochecknoglobals
 	{
 		path:            "foo/project/fileA.yaml",
 		expectedContent: "fileA content",
@@ -83,13 +88,14 @@ var testCases = []testData{
 func MakeFakeFs(td []testData) filesys.FileSystem {
 	fSys := filesys.MakeFsInMemory()
 	for _, x := range td {
-		fSys.WriteFile(x.path, []byte(x.expectedContent))
+		_ = fSys.WriteFile(x.path, []byte(x.expectedContent))
 	}
 	return fSys
 }
 
-func makeLoader() *fileLoader {
-	return NewFileLoaderAtRoot(MakeFakeFs(testCases))
+func makeLoader() *FileLoader {
+	return NewLoaderOrDie(
+		RestrictionRootOnly, MakeFakeFs(testCases), filesys.Separator)
 }
 
 func TestLoaderLoad(t *testing.T) {
@@ -155,31 +161,31 @@ func TestLoaderBadRelative(t *testing.T) {
 	require.Equal("/foo/project/subdir1", l1.Root())
 
 	// Cannot cd into a file.
-	l2, err := l1.New("fileB.yaml")
+	_, err = l1.New("fileB.yaml")
 	require.Error(err)
 
 	// It's not okay to stay at the same place.
-	l2, err = l1.New(filesys.SelfDir)
+	_, err = l1.New(filesys.SelfDir)
 	require.Error(err)
 
 	// It's not okay to go up and back down into same place.
-	l2, err = l1.New("../subdir1")
+	_, err = l1.New("../subdir1")
 	require.Error(err)
 
 	// It's not okay to go up via a relative path.
-	l2, err = l1.New("..")
+	_, err = l1.New("..")
 	require.Error(err)
 
 	// It's not okay to go up via an absolute path.
-	l2, err = l1.New("/foo/project")
+	_, err = l1.New("/foo/project")
 	require.Error(err)
 
 	// It's not okay to go to the root.
-	l2, err = l1.New("/")
+	_, err = l1.New("/")
 	require.Error(err)
 
 	// It's okay to go up and down to a sibling.
-	l2, err = l1.New("../subdir2")
+	l2, err := l1.New("../subdir2")
 	require.NoError(err)
 	require.Equal("/foo/project/subdir2", l2.Root())
 
@@ -192,17 +198,110 @@ func TestLoaderBadRelative(t *testing.T) {
 
 	// It's not OK to go over to a previously visited directory.
 	// Must disallow going back and forth in a cycle.
-	l1, err = l2.New("../subdir1")
+	_, err = l2.New("../subdir1")
 	require.Error(err)
 }
 
-func TestLoaderMisc(t *testing.T) {
-	l := makeLoader()
-	_, err := l.New("")
+func TestNewEmptyLoader(t *testing.T) {
+	_, err := makeLoader().New("")
 	require.Error(t, err)
+}
 
-	_, err = l.New("https://google.com/project")
+func TestLoaderRejectsMalformedPath(t *testing.T) {
+	// A YAML indentation error can collapse two resource entries into one:
+	//   resources:
+	//   - ../../base
+	//    - ../../shared/prod
+	// becomes the single string: "../../base - ../../shared/prod"
+	//
+	// filepath.Clean normalizes this to "../../shared/prod", silently
+	// dropping the "../../base" reference. The loader must reject paths
+	// with inner ".." components that cause this silent absorption.
+	// See https://github.com/kubernetes-sigs/kustomize/issues/5979
+	fSys := filesys.MakeFsInMemory()
+	require.NoError(t, fSys.MkdirAll("/base"))
+	require.NoError(t, fSys.MkdirAll("/shared/prod"))
+	require.NoError(t, fSys.MkdirAll("/overlays/prod1"))
+
+	l1 := NewLoaderOrDie(RestrictionNone, fSys, "/overlays/prod1")
+
+	// The exact bug from issue #5979.
+	_, err := l1.New("../../base - ../../shared/prod")
 	require.Error(t, err)
+	require.Contains(t, err.Error(), "ambiguous")
+}
+
+func TestHasAmbiguousPathSegment(t *testing.T) {
+	cases := map[string]bool{
+		// Safe: ".." only as standalone segments
+		"../base":           false,
+		"../../shared/prod": false,
+		"..":                false,
+		"foo/bar":           false,
+		"foo/bar/":          false,
+		"foo//bar":          false,
+		"./foo/bar":         false,
+		"https://root":      false,
+		"foo/../bar":        false,
+		"a/b/../../c":       false,
+		"a/..":              false,
+		// Winding paths are legitimate (used by localizer)
+		"delta/../../../../a/b/../../alpha/beta/sibling": false,
+		// Dangerous: segment contains embedded ".." from YAML merge errors
+		"../../base - ../../shared/prod":  true,
+		"../../base ../../shared/prod":    true,
+		"foo/bar..baz/qux":                true,
+		"a/b/c..d/e":                      true,
+		"../../base\t- ../../shared/prod": true,
+	}
+	for path, want := range cases {
+		t.Run(path, func(t *testing.T) {
+			require.Equal(t, want, hasAmbiguousPathSegment(path), "hasAmbiguousPathSegment(%q)", path)
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func TestNewRemoteLoaderDoesNotExist(t *testing.T) {
+	_, err := makeLoader().New("https://example.com/org/repo")
+	require.ErrorContains(t, err, "fetch")
+}
+
+func TestLoaderLocalScheme(t *testing.T) {
+	// It is unlikely but possible for a reference with a url scheme to
+	// actually refer to a local file or directory.
+	t.Run("file", func(t *testing.T) {
+		fSys, dir := setupOnDisk(t)
+		parts := []string{
+			"ssh:",
+			"resource.yaml",
+		}
+		require.NoError(t, fSys.Mkdir(dir.Join(parts[0])))
+		const content = "resource config"
+		require.NoError(t, fSys.WriteFile(
+			dir.Join(filepath.Join(parts...)),
+			[]byte(content),
+		))
+		actualContent, err := NewLoaderOrDie(RestrictionRootOnly,
+			fSys,
+			dir.String(),
+		).Load(strings.Join(parts, "//"))
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		require.Equal(t, content, string(actualContent))
+	})
+	t.Run("directory", func(t *testing.T) {
+		fSys, dir := setupOnDisk(t)
+		parts := []string{
+			"https:",
+			"root",
+		}
+		require.NoError(t, fSys.MkdirAll(dir.Join(filepath.Join(parts...))))
+		ldr, err := NewLoaderOrDie(RestrictionRootOnly,
+			fSys,
+			dir.String(),
+		).New(strings.Join(parts, "//"))
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		require.Empty(t, ldr.Repo())
+	})
 }
 
 const (
@@ -212,31 +311,32 @@ const (
 
 // Create a structure like this
 //
-//   /tmp/kustomize-test-random
-//   ├── base
-//   │   ├── okayData
-//   │   ├── symLinkToOkayData -> okayData
-//   │   └── symLinkToExteriorData -> ../exteriorData
-//   └── exteriorData
-//
+//	/tmp/kustomize-test-random
+//	├── base
+//	│   ├── okayData
+//	│   ├── symLinkToOkayData -> okayData
+//	│   └── symLinkToExteriorData -> ../exteriorData
+//	└── exteriorData
 func commonSetupForLoaderRestrictionTest(t *testing.T) (string, filesys.FileSystem) {
 	t.Helper()
-	dir := t.TempDir()
-	fSys := filesys.MakeFsOnDisk()
-	fSys.Mkdir(filepath.Join(dir, "base"))
+	require := require.New(t)
+	fSys, tmpDir := setupOnDisk(t)
+	dir := tmpDir.String()
 
-	fSys.WriteFile(
-		filepath.Join(dir, "base", "okayData"), []byte(contentOk))
+	require.NoError(fSys.Mkdir(filepath.Join(dir, "base")))
 
-	fSys.WriteFile(
-		filepath.Join(dir, "exteriorData"), []byte(contentExteriorData))
+	require.NoError(fSys.WriteFile(
+		filepath.Join(dir, "base", "okayData"), []byte(contentOk)))
 
-	os.Symlink(
+	require.NoError(fSys.WriteFile(
+		filepath.Join(dir, "exteriorData"), []byte(contentExteriorData)))
+
+	require.NoError(os.Symlink(
 		filepath.Join(dir, "base", "okayData"),
-		filepath.Join(dir, "base", "symLinkToOkayData"))
-	os.Symlink(
+		filepath.Join(dir, "base", "symLinkToOkayData")))
+	require.NoError(os.Symlink(
 		filepath.Join(dir, "exteriorData"),
-		filepath.Join(dir, "base", "symLinkToExteriorData"))
+		filepath.Join(dir, "base", "symLinkToExteriorData")))
 	return dir, fSys
 }
 
@@ -278,7 +378,7 @@ func TestRestrictionRootOnlyInRealLoader(t *testing.T) {
 
 	var l ifc.Loader
 
-	l = newLoaderOrDie(RestrictionRootOnly, fSys, dir)
+	l = NewLoaderOrDie(RestrictionRootOnly, fSys, dir)
 
 	l = doSanityChecksAndDropIntoBase(t, l)
 
@@ -299,7 +399,7 @@ func TestRestrictionNoneInRealLoader(t *testing.T) {
 
 	var l ifc.Loader
 
-	l = newLoaderOrDie(RestrictionNone, fSys, dir)
+	l = NewLoaderOrDie(RestrictionNone, fSys, dir)
 
 	l = doSanityChecksAndDropIntoBase(t, l)
 
@@ -346,14 +446,14 @@ func TestNewLoaderAtGitClone(t *testing.T) {
 	url := rootURL + "/" + pathInRepo
 	coRoot := "/tmp"
 	fSys := filesys.MakeFsInMemory()
-	fSys.MkdirAll(coRoot)
-	fSys.MkdirAll(coRoot + "/" + pathInRepo)
-	fSys.WriteFile(
+	require.NoError(fSys.MkdirAll(coRoot))
+	require.NoError(fSys.MkdirAll(coRoot + "/" + pathInRepo))
+	require.NoError(fSys.WriteFile(
 		coRoot+"/"+pathInRepo+"/"+
 			konfig.DefaultKustomizationFileName(),
 		[]byte(`
 whatever
-`))
+`)))
 
 	repoSpec, err := git.NewRepoSpecFromURL(url)
 	require.NoError(err)
@@ -373,7 +473,7 @@ whatever
 	require.Error(err)
 
 	pathInRepo = "foo/overlay"
-	fSys.MkdirAll(coRoot + "/" + pathInRepo)
+	require.NoError(fSys.MkdirAll(coRoot + "/" + pathInRepo))
 	url = rootURL + "/" + pathInRepo
 	l2, err := l.New(url)
 	require.NoError(err)
@@ -390,20 +490,20 @@ func TestLoaderDisallowsLocalBaseFromRemoteOverlay(t *testing.T) {
 	topDir := "/whatever"
 	cloneRoot := topDir + "/someClone"
 	fSys := filesys.MakeFsInMemory()
-	fSys.MkdirAll(topDir + "/highBase")
-	fSys.MkdirAll(cloneRoot + "/foo/base")
-	fSys.MkdirAll(cloneRoot + "/foo/overlay")
+	require.NoError(fSys.MkdirAll(topDir + "/highBase"))
+	require.NoError(fSys.MkdirAll(cloneRoot + "/foo/base"))
+	require.NoError(fSys.MkdirAll(cloneRoot + "/foo/overlay"))
 
 	var l1 ifc.Loader
 
 	// Establish that a local overlay can navigate
 	// to the local bases.
-	l1 = newLoaderOrDie(
+	l1 = NewLoaderOrDie(
 		RestrictionRootOnly, fSys, cloneRoot+"/foo/overlay")
 	require.Equal(cloneRoot+"/foo/overlay", l1.Root())
 
 	l2, err := l1.New("../base")
-	require.NoError(nil)
+	require.NoError(err)
 	require.Equal(cloneRoot+"/foo/base", l2.Root())
 
 	l3, err := l2.New("../../../highBase")
@@ -446,12 +546,8 @@ func TestLoaderDisallowsLocalBaseFromRemoteOverlay(t *testing.T) {
 }
 
 func TestLoaderDisallowsRemoteBaseExitRepo(t *testing.T) {
-	fSys := filesys.MakeFsOnDisk()
-	dir, err := filesys.NewTmpConfirmedDir()
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-	t.Cleanup(func() {
-		_ = fSys.RemoveAll(dir.String())
-	})
+	fSys, dir := setupOnDisk(t)
+
 	repo := dir.Join("repo")
 	require.NoError(t, fSys.Mkdir(repo))
 
@@ -472,8 +568,8 @@ func TestLocalLoaderReferencingGitBase(t *testing.T) {
 	topDir := "/whatever"
 	cloneRoot := topDir + "/someClone"
 	fSys := filesys.MakeFsInMemory()
-	fSys.MkdirAll(topDir)
-	fSys.MkdirAll(cloneRoot + "/foo/base")
+	require.NoError(fSys.MkdirAll(topDir))
+	require.NoError(fSys.MkdirAll(cloneRoot + "/foo/base"))
 
 	l1 := newLoaderAtConfirmedDir(
 		RestrictionRootOnly, filesys.ConfirmedDir(topDir), fSys, nil,
@@ -493,8 +589,8 @@ func TestRepoDirectCycleDetection(t *testing.T) {
 	topDir := "/cycles"
 	cloneRoot := topDir + "/someClone"
 	fSys := filesys.MakeFsInMemory()
-	fSys.MkdirAll(topDir)
-	fSys.MkdirAll(cloneRoot)
+	require.NoError(fSys.MkdirAll(topDir))
+	require.NoError(fSys.MkdirAll(cloneRoot))
 
 	l1 := newLoaderAtConfirmedDir(
 		RestrictionRootOnly, filesys.ConfirmedDir(topDir), fSys, nil,
@@ -515,8 +611,8 @@ func TestRepoIndirectCycleDetection(t *testing.T) {
 	topDir := "/cycles"
 	cloneRoot := topDir + "/someClone"
 	fSys := filesys.MakeFsInMemory()
-	fSys.MkdirAll(topDir)
-	fSys.MkdirAll(cloneRoot)
+	require.NoError(fSys.MkdirAll(topDir))
+	require.NoError(fSys.MkdirAll(cloneRoot))
 
 	l0 := newLoaderAtConfirmedDir(
 		RestrictionRootOnly, filesys.ConfirmedDir(topDir), fSys, nil,
@@ -560,7 +656,8 @@ func TestLoaderHTTP(t *testing.T) {
 		},
 	}
 
-	l1 := NewFileLoaderAtRoot(MakeFakeFs(testCasesFile))
+	l1 := NewLoaderOrDie(
+		RestrictionRootOnly, MakeFakeFs(testCasesFile), filesys.Separator)
 	require.Equal("/", l1.Root())
 
 	for _, x := range testCasesFile {
@@ -587,7 +684,7 @@ func TestLoaderHTTP(t *testing.T) {
 			u := req.URL.String()
 			require.Equal(x.path, u)
 			return &http.Response{
-				StatusCode: 200,
+				StatusCode: http.StatusOK,
 				Body:       io.NopCloser(bytes.NewBufferString(x.expectedContent)),
 				Header:     make(http.Header),
 			}
@@ -618,3 +715,31 @@ func TestLoaderHTTP(t *testing.T) {
 		require.Error(err)
 	}
 }
+
+// setupOnDisk sets up a file system on disk and directory that is cleaned after
+// test completion.
+// TODO(annasong): Move all loader tests that require real file system into
+// api/krusty.
+func setupOnDisk(t *testing.T) (filesys.FileSystem, filesys.ConfirmedDir) {
+	t.Helper()
+
+	fSys := filesys.MakeFsOnDisk()
+	dir, err := filesys.NewTmpConfirmedDir()
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	t.Cleanup(func() {
+		_ = fSys.RemoveAll(dir.String())
+	})
+	return fSys, dir
+}
+
+// TestLoaderHTTPMalformedURL tests that malformed URLs are properly handled
+// to prevent infinite loops in http.Client.Get
+func TestLoaderHTTPMalformedURL(t *testing.T) {
+	require := require.New(t)
+	malformedURL := "https://example.com/example?ref=main - ../../example/example.yaml"
+	l1 := NewLoaderOrDie(
+		RestrictionRootOnly, MakeFakeFs([]testData{}), filesys.Separator)
+	_, err := l1.Load(malformedURL)
+	require.Error(err)
+	require.Equal("HTTP Error: status code 400 (Bad Request)", err.Error())
+}

api/internal/loader/loader.go

@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ func NewLoader(
 	}
 	root, err := filesys.ConfirmDir(fSys, target)
 	if err != nil {
-		return nil, errors.WrapPrefixf(err, ErrRtNotDir.Error())
+		return nil, errors.WrapPrefixf(err, "%s", ErrRtNotDir.Error())
 	}
 	return newLoaderAtConfirmedDir(
 		lr, root, fSys, nil, git.ClonerUsingGitExec), nil

api/internal/localizer/localizer.go

@@ -11,8 +11,8 @@ import (
 
 	"sigs.k8s.io/kustomize/api/ifc"
 	"sigs.k8s.io/kustomize/api/internal/generators"
+	"sigs.k8s.io/kustomize/api/internal/loader"
 	"sigs.k8s.io/kustomize/api/internal/target"
-	"sigs.k8s.io/kustomize/api/loader"
 	"sigs.k8s.io/kustomize/api/provider"
 	"sigs.k8s.io/kustomize/api/resmap"
 	"sigs.k8s.io/kustomize/api/types"
@@ -381,7 +381,7 @@ func (lc *localizer) localizeFileWithContent(path string, content []byte) (strin
 		// 2. avoid paths that temporarily traverse outside the current root,
 		//    i.e. ../../../scope/target/current-root. The localized file will be surrounded by
 		//    different directories than its source, and so an uncleaned path may no longer be valid.
-		locPath = cleanFilePath(lc.fSys, lc.root, path)
+		locPath = cleanedRelativePath(lc.fSys, lc.root, path)
 	}
 	absPath := filepath.Join(lc.dst, locPath)
 	if err := lc.fSys.MkdirAll(filepath.Dir(absPath)); err != nil {

api/internal/localizer/localizer_test.go

@@ -144,7 +144,7 @@ func reportFSysDiff(t *testing.T, fSysExpected filesys.FileSystem, fSysActual fi
 			actualContent, readErr := fSysActual.ReadFile(path)
 			require.NoError(t, readErr)
 			expectedContent, findErr := fSysExpected.ReadFile(path)
-			assert.NoErrorf(t, findErr, "unexpected file %q", path)
+			require.NoErrorf(t, findErr, "unexpected file %q", path)
 			if findErr == nil {
 				assert.Equal(t, string(expectedContent), string(actualContent))
 			}
@@ -296,8 +296,10 @@ func TestLocalizeFileCleaned(t *testing.T) {
 kind: Kustomization
 patches:
 - path: ../gamma/../../../alpha/beta/./gamma/patch.yaml
+- path: /alpha/beta/../beta/./gamma/patch2.yaml
 `,
-		"patch.yaml": podConfiguration,
+		"patch.yaml":  podConfiguration,
+		"patch2.yaml": podConfiguration,
 	}
 	expected, actual := makeFileSystems(t, "/alpha/beta/gamma", kustAndPatch)
 
@@ -307,8 +309,10 @@ patches:
 kind: Kustomization
 patches:
 - path: patch.yaml
+- path: patch2.yaml
 `,
-		"patch.yaml": podConfiguration,
+		"patch.yaml":  podConfiguration,
+		"patch2.yaml": podConfiguration,
 	})
 	checkFSys(t, expected, actual)
 }
@@ -1194,19 +1198,40 @@ func TestLocalizeResources(t *testing.T) {
 kind: Kustomization
 resources:
 - pod.yaml
+- /a/b/pod2.yaml
 - ../../alpha
 `,
-		"pod.yaml": podConfiguration,
+		"pod.yaml":  podConfiguration,
+		"pod2.yaml": podConfiguration,
 		"../../alpha/kustomization.yaml": `apiVersion: kustomize.config.k8s.io/v1beta1
 kind: Kustomization
 namePrefix: my-
 `,
 	}
-	expected, actual := makeFileSystems(t, "/a/b", kustAndResources)
 
-	checkRun(t, actual, "/a/b", "/", "/localized-b")
-	addFiles(t, expected, "/localized-b/a/b", kustAndResources)
-	checkFSys(t, expected, actual)
+	// Absolute path of `/a/b/pod2.yaml` is expected to be converted to a path
+	// relative to the kustomization root.
+	expectedKustAndResources := map[string]string{
+		"kustomization.yaml": `apiVersion: kustomize.config.k8s.io/v1beta1
+kind: Kustomization
+resources:
+- pod.yaml
+- pod2.yaml
+- ../../alpha
+`,
+		"pod.yaml":  podConfiguration,
+		"pod2.yaml": podConfiguration,
+		"../../alpha/kustomization.yaml": `apiVersion: kustomize.config.k8s.io/v1beta1
+kind: Kustomization
+namePrefix: my-
+`,
+	}
+
+	expectedFs, actualFs := makeFileSystems(t, "/a/b", kustAndResources)
+
+	checkRun(t, actualFs, "/a/b", "/", "/localized-b")
+	addFiles(t, expectedFs, "/localized-b/a/b", expectedKustAndResources)
+	checkFSys(t, expectedFs, actualFs)
 }
 
 func TestLocalizePathError(t *testing.T) {

api/internal/localizer/locloader.go

@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ import (
 
 	"sigs.k8s.io/kustomize/api/ifc"
 	"sigs.k8s.io/kustomize/api/internal/git"
-	"sigs.k8s.io/kustomize/api/loader"
+	"sigs.k8s.io/kustomize/api/internal/loader"
 	"sigs.k8s.io/kustomize/kyaml/errors"
 	"sigs.k8s.io/kustomize/kyaml/filesys"
 )
@@ -89,11 +89,8 @@ func (ll *Loader) Load(path string) ([]byte, error) {
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, errors.WrapPrefixf(err, "invalid file reference")
 	}
-	if filepath.IsAbs(path) {
-		return nil, errors.Errorf("absolute paths not yet supported in alpha: file path %q is absolute", path)
-	}
 	if !loader.IsRemoteFile(path) && ll.local {
-		cleanPath := cleanFilePath(ll.fSys, filesys.ConfirmedDir(ll.Root()), path)
+		cleanPath := cleanedRelativePath(ll.fSys, filesys.ConfirmedDir(ll.Root()), path)
 		cleanAbs := filepath.Join(ll.Root(), cleanPath)
 		dir := filesys.ConfirmedDir(filepath.Dir(cleanAbs))
 		// target cannot reference newDir, as this load would've failed prior to localize;

api/internal/localizer/locloader_test.go

@@ -276,11 +276,11 @@ func TestLoadFails(t *testing.T) {
 	checkNewLoader(req, ldr, &args, "/a", "/a", "/a/newDir", fSys)
 
 	cases := map[string]string{
-		"absolute path":     "/a/pod.yaml",
-		"directory":         "b",
-		"non-existent file": "kubectl.yaml",
-		"file outside root": "../alpha/beta/gamma/delta/deployment.yaml",
-		"inside dst":        "newDir/pod.yaml",
+		"directory":          "b",
+		"non-existent file":  "kubectl.yaml",
+		"file outside root":  "../alpha/beta/gamma/delta/deployment.yaml",
+		"inside dst":         "newDir/pod.yaml",
+		"winding inside dst": "/a/test/../newDir/pod.yaml",
 	}
 	for name, file := range cases {
 		file := file
@@ -291,8 +291,6 @@ func TestLoadFails(t *testing.T) {
 			ldr, _, err := NewLoader("./a/../a", "/a/../a", "/a/newDir", fSys)
 			req.NoError(err)
 
-			req.NoError(fSys.WriteFile("/a/newDir/pod.yaml", []byte(podConfiguration)))
-
 			_, err = ldr.Load(file)
 			req.Error(err)
 		})

api/internal/localizer/util.go

@@ -112,9 +112,13 @@ func hasRef(repoURL string) bool {
 	return repoSpec.Ref != ""
 }
 
-// cleanFilePath returns file cleaned, where file is a relative path to root on fSys
-func cleanFilePath(fSys filesys.FileSystem, root filesys.ConfirmedDir, file string) string {
-	abs := root.Join(file)
+// cleanedRelativePath returns a cleaned relative path of file to root on fSys
+func cleanedRelativePath(fSys filesys.FileSystem, root filesys.ConfirmedDir, file string) string {
+	abs := file
+	if !filepath.IsAbs(file) {
+		abs = root.Join(file)
+	}
+
 	dir, f, err := fSys.CleanedAbs(abs)
 	if err != nil {
 		log.Fatalf("cannot clean validated file path %q: %s", abs, err)

api/internal/localizer/util_test.go

@@ -301,3 +301,26 @@ func TestLocRootPath_SymlinkPath(t *testing.T) {
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 	require.Equal(t, expected, actual)
 }
+
+func TestCleanedRelativePath(t *testing.T) {
+	fSys := filesys.MakeFsInMemory()
+	require.NoError(t, fSys.MkdirAll("/root/test"))
+	require.NoError(t, fSys.WriteFile("/root/test/file.yaml", []byte("")))
+	require.NoError(t, fSys.WriteFile("/root/filetwo.yaml", []byte("")))
+
+	// Absolute path is cleaned to relative path
+	cleanedPath := cleanedRelativePath(fSys, "/root/", "/root/test/file.yaml")
+	require.Equal(t, "test/file.yaml", cleanedPath)
+
+	// Winding absolute path is cleaned to relative path
+	cleanedPath = cleanedRelativePath(fSys, "/root/", "/root/test/../filetwo.yaml")
+	require.Equal(t, "filetwo.yaml", cleanedPath)
+
+	// Already clean relative path stays the same
+	cleanedPath = cleanedRelativePath(fSys, "/root/", "test/file.yaml")
+	require.Equal(t, "test/file.yaml", cleanedPath)
+
+	// Winding relative path is cleaned
+	cleanedPath = cleanedRelativePath(fSys, "/root/", "test/../filetwo.yaml")
+	require.Equal(t, "filetwo.yaml", cleanedPath)
+}

api/internal/plugins/builtinconfig/loaddefaultconfig.go

@@ -33,7 +33,7 @@ func loadDefaultConfig(
 // makeTransformerConfigFromBytes returns a TransformerConfig object from bytes
 func makeTransformerConfigFromBytes(data []byte) (*TransformerConfig, error) {
 	var t TransformerConfig
-	err := yaml.Unmarshal(data, &t)
+	err := yaml.UnmarshalStrict(data, &t)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}

api/internal/plugins/builtinconfig/loaddefaultconfig_test.go

@@ -5,9 +5,10 @@ package builtinconfig
 
 import (
 	"reflect"
+	"strings"
 	"testing"
 
-	"sigs.k8s.io/kustomize/api/loader"
+	"sigs.k8s.io/kustomize/api/internal/loader"
 	"sigs.k8s.io/kustomize/api/types"
 	"sigs.k8s.io/kustomize/kyaml/filesys"
 	"sigs.k8s.io/kustomize/kyaml/resid"
@@ -44,3 +45,28 @@ namePrefix:
 		t.Fatalf("expected %v\n but go6t %v\n", expected, tCfg)
 	}
 }
+
+func TestLoadDefaultConfigsFromFilesWithMissingFields(t *testing.T) {
+	fSys := filesys.MakeFsInMemory()
+	filePathContainsTypo := "config_contains_typo.yaml"
+	if err := fSys.WriteFile(filePathContainsTypo, []byte(`
+namoPrefix:
+- path: nameprefix/path
+  kind: SomeKind
+`)); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	ldr, err := loader.NewLoader(
+		loader.RestrictionRootOnly, filesys.Separator, fSys)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	errMsg := "error unmarshaling JSON: while decoding JSON: json: unknown field"
+	_, err = loadDefaultConfig(ldr, []string{filePathContainsTypo})
+	if err == nil {
+		t.Fatalf("expected to fail unmarshal yaml, but got nil %s", filePathContainsTypo)
+	}
+	if !strings.Contains(err.Error(), errMsg) {
+		t.Fatalf("expected error %s, but got %s", errMsg, err)
+	}
+}

api/internal/plugins/builtinconfig/namebackreferences.go

@@ -47,6 +47,8 @@ type NameBackReferences struct {
 	// TODO: rename json 'fieldSpecs' to 'referrers' for clarity.
 	// This will, however, break anyone using a custom config.
 	Referrers types.FsSlice `json:"fieldSpecs,omitempty" yaml:"fieldSpecs,omitempty"`
+
+	// Note: If any new pointer based members are added, DeepCopy needs to be updated
 }
 
 func (n NameBackReferences) String() string {
@@ -66,6 +68,17 @@ func (s nbrSlice) Less(i, j int) bool {
 	return s[i].Gvk.IsLessThan(s[j].Gvk)
 }
 
+// DeepCopy returns a new copy of nbrSlice
+func (s nbrSlice) DeepCopy() nbrSlice {
+	ret := make(nbrSlice, len(s))
+	copy(ret, s)
+	for i, slice := range ret {
+		ret[i].Referrers = slice.Referrers.DeepCopy()
+	}
+
+	return ret
+}
+
 func (s nbrSlice) mergeAll(o nbrSlice) (result nbrSlice, err error) {
 	result = s
 	for _, r := range o {

api/internal/plugins/builtinconfig/namebackreferences_test.go

@@ -95,3 +95,29 @@ func TestMergeAll(t *testing.T) {
 		t.Fatalf("expected\n %v\n but got\n %v\n", expected, actual)
 	}
 }
+
+func TestNbrSlice_DeepCopy(t *testing.T) {
+	original := make(nbrSlice, 2, 4)
+	original[0] = NameBackReferences{Gvk: resid.FromKind("A"), Referrers: types.FsSlice{{Path: "a"}}}
+	original[1] = NameBackReferences{Gvk: resid.FromKind("B"), Referrers: types.FsSlice{{Path: "b"}}}
+
+	copied := original.DeepCopy()
+
+	original, _ = original.mergeOne(NameBackReferences{Gvk: resid.FromKind("C"), Referrers: types.FsSlice{{Path: "c"}}})
+
+	// perform mutations which should not affect original
+	copied.Swap(0, 1)
+	copied[0].Referrers[0].Path = "very b" // ensure Referrers are not shared
+	_, _ = copied.mergeOne(NameBackReferences{Gvk: resid.FromKind("D"), Referrers: types.FsSlice{{Path: "d"}}})
+
+	// if DeepCopy does not work, original would be {very b,a,d} instead of {a,b,c}
+	expected := nbrSlice{
+		{Gvk: resid.FromKind("A"), Referrers: types.FsSlice{{Path: "a"}}},
+		{Gvk: resid.FromKind("B"), Referrers: types.FsSlice{{Path: "b"}}},
+		{Gvk: resid.FromKind("C"), Referrers: types.FsSlice{{Path: "c"}}},
+	}
+
+	if !reflect.DeepEqual(original, expected) {
+		t.Fatalf("original affected by mutations to copied object:\ngot\t%+v,\nexpected: %+v", original, expected)
+	}
+}

api/internal/plugins/builtinconfig/transformerconfig.go

@@ -6,25 +6,31 @@ package builtinconfig
 import (
 	"log"
 	"sort"
+	"sync"
 
 	"sigs.k8s.io/kustomize/api/ifc"
-	"sigs.k8s.io/kustomize/api/konfig/builtinpluginconsts"
+	"sigs.k8s.io/kustomize/api/internal/konfig/builtinpluginconsts"
 	"sigs.k8s.io/kustomize/api/types"
 	"sigs.k8s.io/kustomize/kyaml/errors"
 )
 
 // TransformerConfig holds the data needed to perform transformations.
+//
+//nolint:tagalign
 type TransformerConfig struct {
-	NamePrefix        types.FsSlice `json:"namePrefix,omitempty" yaml:"namePrefix,omitempty"`
-	NameSuffix        types.FsSlice `json:"nameSuffix,omitempty" yaml:"nameSuffix,omitempty"`
-	NameSpace         types.FsSlice `json:"namespace,omitempty" yaml:"namespace,omitempty"`
-	CommonLabels      types.FsSlice `json:"commonLabels,omitempty" yaml:"commonLabels,omitempty"`
-	TemplateLabels    types.FsSlice `json:"templateLabels,omitempty" yaml:"templateLabels,omitempty"`
-	CommonAnnotations types.FsSlice `json:"commonAnnotations,omitempty" yaml:"commonAnnotations,omitempty"`
-	NameReference     nbrSlice      `json:"nameReference,omitempty" yaml:"nameReference,omitempty"`
-	VarReference      types.FsSlice `json:"varReference,omitempty" yaml:"varReference,omitempty"`
-	Images            types.FsSlice `json:"images,omitempty" yaml:"images,omitempty"`
-	Replicas          types.FsSlice `json:"replicas,omitempty" yaml:"replicas,omitempty"`
+	// if any fields are added, update the DeepCopy implementation
+	NamePrefix                types.FsSlice `json:"namePrefix,omitempty" yaml:"namePrefix,omitempty"`
+	NameSuffix                types.FsSlice `json:"nameSuffix,omitempty" yaml:"nameSuffix,omitempty"`
+	NameSpace                 types.FsSlice `json:"namespace,omitempty" yaml:"namespace,omitempty"`
+	CommonLabels              types.FsSlice `json:"commonLabels,omitempty" yaml:"commonLabels,omitempty"`
+	Labels                    types.FsSlice `json:"labels,omitempty" yaml:"labels,omitempty"`
+	TemplateLabels            types.FsSlice `json:"templateLabels,omitempty" yaml:"templateLabels,omitempty"`
+	VolumeClaimTemplateLabels types.FsSlice `json:"volumeClaimTemplateLabels,omitempty" yaml:"volumeClaimTemplateLabels,omitempty"`
+	CommonAnnotations         types.FsSlice `json:"commonAnnotations,omitempty" yaml:"commonAnnotations,omitempty"`
+	NameReference             nbrSlice      `json:"nameReference,omitempty" yaml:"nameReference,omitempty"`
+	VarReference              types.FsSlice `json:"varReference,omitempty" yaml:"varReference,omitempty"`
+	Images                    types.FsSlice `json:"images,omitempty" yaml:"images,omitempty"`
+	Replicas                  types.FsSlice `json:"replicas,omitempty" yaml:"replicas,omitempty"`
 }
 
 // MakeEmptyConfig returns an empty TransformerConfig object
@@ -32,14 +38,45 @@ func MakeEmptyConfig() *TransformerConfig {
 	return &TransformerConfig{}
 }
 
+// DeepCopy returns a new copy of TransformerConfig
+func (t *TransformerConfig) DeepCopy() *TransformerConfig {
+	return &TransformerConfig{
+		NamePrefix:                t.NamePrefix.DeepCopy(),
+		NameSuffix:                t.NameSuffix.DeepCopy(),
+		NameSpace:                 t.NameSpace.DeepCopy(),
+		CommonLabels:              t.CommonLabels.DeepCopy(),
+		Labels:                    t.Labels.DeepCopy(),
+		TemplateLabels:            t.TemplateLabels.DeepCopy(),
+		VolumeClaimTemplateLabels: t.VolumeClaimTemplateLabels.DeepCopy(),
+		CommonAnnotations:         t.CommonAnnotations.DeepCopy(),
+		NameReference:             t.NameReference.DeepCopy(),
+		VarReference:              t.VarReference.DeepCopy(),
+		Images:                    t.Images.DeepCopy(),
+		Replicas:                  t.Replicas.DeepCopy(),
+	}
+}
+
+// the default transformer config is initialized by MakeDefaultConfig,
+// and must only be accessed via that function.
+var (
+	initDefaultConfig sync.Once          //nolint:gochecknoglobals
+	defaultConfig     *TransformerConfig //nolint:gochecknoglobals
+)
+
 // MakeDefaultConfig returns a default TransformerConfig.
 func MakeDefaultConfig() *TransformerConfig {
-	c, err := makeTransformerConfigFromBytes(
-		builtinpluginconsts.GetDefaultFieldSpecs())
-	if err != nil {
-		log.Fatalf("Unable to make default transformconfig: %v", err)
-	}
-	return c
+	// parsing is expensive when having a large tree with many kustomization modules, so only do it once
+	initDefaultConfig.Do(func() {
+		var err error
+		defaultConfig, err = makeTransformerConfigFromBytes(
+			builtinpluginconsts.GetDefaultFieldSpecs())
+		if err != nil {
+			log.Fatalf("Unable to make default transformconfig: %v", err)
+		}
+	})
+
+	// return a copy to avoid any mutations to protect the reference copy
+	return defaultConfig.DeepCopy()
 }
 
 // MakeTransformerConfig returns a merger of custom config,
@@ -63,7 +100,9 @@ func (t *TransformerConfig) sortFields() {
 	sort.Sort(t.NameSuffix)
 	sort.Sort(t.NameSpace)
 	sort.Sort(t.CommonLabels)
+	sort.Sort(t.Labels)
 	sort.Sort(t.TemplateLabels)
+	sort.Sort(t.VolumeClaimTemplateLabels)
 	sort.Sort(t.CommonAnnotations)
 	sort.Sort(t.NameReference)
 	sort.Sort(t.VarReference)
@@ -83,12 +122,18 @@ func (t *TransformerConfig) AddSuffixFieldSpec(fs types.FieldSpec) (err error) {
 	return err
 }
 
-// AddLabelFieldSpec adds a FieldSpec to CommonLabels
-func (t *TransformerConfig) AddLabelFieldSpec(fs types.FieldSpec) (err error) {
+// AddCommonLabelsFieldSpec adds a FieldSpec to CommonLabels
+func (t *TransformerConfig) AddCommonLabelsFieldSpec(fs types.FieldSpec) (err error) {
 	t.CommonLabels, err = t.CommonLabels.MergeOne(fs)
 	return err
 }
 
+// AddLabelsFieldSpec adds a FieldSpec to Labels
+func (t *TransformerConfig) AddLabelsFieldSpec(fs types.FieldSpec) (err error) {
+	t.Labels, err = t.Labels.MergeOne(fs)
+	return err //nolint:wrapcheck
+}
+
 // AddAnnotationFieldSpec adds a FieldSpec to CommonAnnotations
 func (t *TransformerConfig) AddAnnotationFieldSpec(fs types.FieldSpec) (err error) {
 	t.CommonAnnotations, err = t.CommonAnnotations.MergeOne(fs)
@@ -131,10 +176,18 @@ func (t *TransformerConfig) Merge(input *TransformerConfig) (
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, errors.WrapPrefixf(err, "failed to merge CommonLabels fieldSpec")
 	}
+	merged.Labels, err = t.Labels.MergeAll(input.Labels)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, errors.WrapPrefixf(err, "failed to merge Labels fieldSpec")
+	}
 	merged.TemplateLabels, err = t.TemplateLabels.MergeAll(input.TemplateLabels)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, errors.WrapPrefixf(err, "failed to merge TemplateLabels fieldSpec")
 	}
+	merged.VolumeClaimTemplateLabels, err = t.VolumeClaimTemplateLabels.MergeAll(input.VolumeClaimTemplateLabels)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, errors.WrapPrefixf(err, "failed to merge VolumeClaimTemplateLabels fieldSpec")
+	}
 	merged.VarReference, err = t.VarReference.MergeAll(input.VarReference)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, errors.WrapPrefixf(err, "failed to merge VarReference fieldSpec")

api/internal/plugins/builtinconfig/transformerconfig_test.go

@@ -4,9 +4,10 @@
 package builtinconfig_test
 
 import (
-	"reflect"
 	"testing"
 
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
 	. "sigs.k8s.io/kustomize/api/internal/plugins/builtinconfig"
 	"sigs.k8s.io/kustomize/api/types"
 	"sigs.k8s.io/kustomize/kyaml/resid"
@@ -35,13 +36,8 @@ func TestAddNamereferenceFieldSpec(t *testing.T) {
 		},
 	}
 
-	err := cfg.AddNamereferenceFieldSpec(nbrs)
-	if err != nil {
-		t.Fatalf("unexpected err: %v", err)
-	}
-	if len(cfg.NameReference) != 1 {
-		t.Fatal("failed to add namereference FieldSpec")
-	}
+	require.NoError(t, cfg.AddNamereferenceFieldSpec(nbrs))
+	require.Len(t, cfg.NameReference, 1, "failed to add namereference FieldSpec")
 }
 
 func TestAddFieldSpecs(t *testing.T) {
@@ -53,34 +49,14 @@ func TestAddFieldSpecs(t *testing.T) {
 		CreateIfNotPresent: true,
 	}
 
-	err := cfg.AddPrefixFieldSpec(fieldSpec)
-	if err != nil {
-		t.Fatalf("unexpected err: %v", err)
-	}
-	if len(cfg.NamePrefix) != 1 {
-		t.Fatalf("failed to add nameprefix FieldSpec")
-	}
-	err = cfg.AddSuffixFieldSpec(fieldSpec)
-	if err != nil {
-		t.Fatalf("unexpected err: %v", err)
-	}
-	if len(cfg.NameSuffix) != 1 {
-		t.Fatalf("failed to add namesuffix FieldSpec")
-	}
-	err = cfg.AddLabelFieldSpec(fieldSpec)
-	if err != nil {
-		t.Fatalf("unexpected err: %v", err)
-	}
-	if len(cfg.CommonLabels) != 1 {
-		t.Fatalf("failed to add nameprefix FieldSpec")
-	}
-	err = cfg.AddAnnotationFieldSpec(fieldSpec)
-	if err != nil {
-		t.Fatalf("unexpected err: %v", err)
-	}
-	if len(cfg.CommonAnnotations) != 1 {
-		t.Fatalf("failed to add nameprefix FieldSpec")
-	}
+	require.NoError(t, cfg.AddPrefixFieldSpec(fieldSpec))
+	require.Len(t, cfg.NamePrefix, 1, "failed to add nameprefix FieldSpec")
+	require.NoError(t, cfg.AddSuffixFieldSpec(fieldSpec))
+	require.Len(t, cfg.NameSuffix, 1, "failed to add namesuffix FieldSpec")
+	require.NoError(t, cfg.AddCommonLabelsFieldSpec(fieldSpec))
+	require.Len(t, cfg.CommonLabels, 1, "failed to add labels FieldSpec")
+	require.NoError(t, cfg.AddAnnotationFieldSpec(fieldSpec))
+	require.Len(t, cfg.CommonAnnotations, 1, "failed to add nameprefix FieldSpec")
 }
 
 func TestMerge(t *testing.T) {
@@ -127,49 +103,58 @@ func TestMerge(t *testing.T) {
 		},
 	}
 	cfga := &TransformerConfig{}
-	cfga.AddNamereferenceFieldSpec(nameReference[0])
-	cfga.AddPrefixFieldSpec(fieldSpecs[0])
-	cfga.AddSuffixFieldSpec(fieldSpecs[0])
+	require.NoError(t, cfga.AddNamereferenceFieldSpec(nameReference[0]))
+	require.NoError(t, cfga.AddPrefixFieldSpec(fieldSpecs[0]))
+	require.NoError(t, cfga.AddSuffixFieldSpec(fieldSpecs[0]))
+	require.NoError(t, cfga.AddCommonLabelsFieldSpec(fieldSpecs[0]))
+	require.NoError(t, cfga.AddLabelsFieldSpec(fieldSpecs[0]))
 
 	cfgb := &TransformerConfig{}
-	cfgb.AddNamereferenceFieldSpec(nameReference[1])
-	cfgb.AddPrefixFieldSpec(fieldSpecs[1])
-	cfga.AddSuffixFieldSpec(fieldSpecs[1])
+	require.NoError(t, cfgb.AddNamereferenceFieldSpec(nameReference[1]))
+	require.NoError(t, cfgb.AddPrefixFieldSpec(fieldSpecs[1]))
+	require.NoError(t, cfgb.AddSuffixFieldSpec(fieldSpecs[1]))
+	require.NoError(t, cfgb.AddCommonLabelsFieldSpec(fieldSpecs[1]))
+	require.NoError(t, cfgb.AddLabelsFieldSpec(fieldSpecs[1]))
 
 	actual, err := cfga.Merge(cfgb)
-	if err != nil {
-		t.Fatalf("unexpected err: %v", err)
-	}
-
-	if len(actual.NamePrefix) != 2 {
-		t.Fatal("merge failed for namePrefix FieldSpec")
-	}
-
-	if len(actual.NameSuffix) != 2 {
-		t.Fatal("merge failed for nameSuffix FieldSpec")
-	}
-
-	if len(actual.NameReference) != 1 {
-		t.Fatal("merge failed for namereference FieldSpec")
-	}
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.Len(t, actual.NamePrefix, 2, "merge failed for namePrefix FieldSpec")
+	require.Len(t, actual.NameSuffix, 2, "merge failed for nameSuffix FieldSpec")
+	require.Len(t, actual.NameReference, 1, "merge failed for nameReference FieldSpec")
+	require.Len(t, actual.Labels, 2, "merge failed for labels FieldSpec")
+	require.Len(t, actual.CommonLabels, 2, "merge failed for commonLabels FieldSpec")
 
 	expected := &TransformerConfig{}
-	expected.AddNamereferenceFieldSpec(nameReference[0])
-	expected.AddNamereferenceFieldSpec(nameReference[1])
-	expected.AddPrefixFieldSpec(fieldSpecs[0])
-	expected.AddPrefixFieldSpec(fieldSpecs[1])
-	expected.AddSuffixFieldSpec(fieldSpecs[0])
-	expected.AddSuffixFieldSpec(fieldSpecs[1])
-
-	if !reflect.DeepEqual(actual, expected) {
-		t.Fatalf("expected: %v\n but got: %v\n", expected, actual)
-	}
+	require.NoError(t, expected.AddNamereferenceFieldSpec(nameReference[0]))
+	require.NoError(t, expected.AddNamereferenceFieldSpec(nameReference[1]))
+	require.NoError(t, expected.AddPrefixFieldSpec(fieldSpecs[0]))
+	require.NoError(t, expected.AddPrefixFieldSpec(fieldSpecs[1]))
+	require.NoError(t, expected.AddSuffixFieldSpec(fieldSpecs[0]))
+	require.NoError(t, expected.AddSuffixFieldSpec(fieldSpecs[1]))
+	require.NoError(t, expected.AddCommonLabelsFieldSpec(fieldSpecs[0]))
+	require.NoError(t, expected.AddCommonLabelsFieldSpec(fieldSpecs[1]))
+	require.NoError(t, expected.AddLabelsFieldSpec(fieldSpecs[0]))
+	require.NoError(t, expected.AddLabelsFieldSpec(fieldSpecs[1]))
+	require.Equal(t, expected, actual)
 
 	actual, err = cfga.Merge(nil)
-	if err != nil {
-		t.Fatalf("unexpected err: %v", err)
-	}
-	if !reflect.DeepEqual(actual, cfga) {
-		t.Fatalf("expected: %v\n but got: %v\n", cfga, actual)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.Equal(t, cfga, actual)
+}
+
+func TestMakeDefaultConfig_mutation(t *testing.T) {
+	a := MakeDefaultConfig()
+
+	// mutate
+	a.NameReference[0].Kind = "mutated"
+	a.NameReference = a.NameReference[:1]
+
+	clean := MakeDefaultConfig()
+	assert.NotEqualf(t, "mutated", clean.NameReference[0].Kind, "MakeDefaultConfig() did not return a clean copy: %+v", clean.NameReference)
+}
+
+func BenchmarkMakeDefaultConfig(b *testing.B) {
+	for i := 0; i < b.N; i++ {
+		_ = MakeDefaultConfig()
 	}
 }

api/internal/plugins/execplugin/execplugin.go

@@ -6,13 +6,12 @@ package execplugin
 import (
 	"bytes"
 	"fmt"
+	"log"
 	"os"
 	"os/exec"
 	"runtime"
 	"strings"
 
-	"github.com/google/shlex"
-
 	"sigs.k8s.io/kustomize/api/internal/plugins/utils"
 	"sigs.k8s.io/kustomize/api/resmap"
 	"sigs.k8s.io/kustomize/kyaml/errors"
@@ -21,6 +20,7 @@ import (
 
 const (
 	tmpConfigFilePrefix = "kust-plugin-config-"
+	maxArgStringLength  = 131071
 )
 
 // ExecPlugin record the name and args of an executable
@@ -93,7 +93,11 @@ func (p *ExecPlugin) processOptionalArgsFields() error {
 		return err
 	}
 	if c.ArgsOneLiner != "" {
-		p.args, _ = shlex.Split(c.ArgsOneLiner)
+		argsTolenSlice, err := ShlexSplit(c.ArgsOneLiner)
+		if err != nil {
+			return fmt.Errorf("failed to parse argsOneLiner: %w", err)
+		}
+		p.args = argsTolenSlice
 	}
 	if c.ArgsFromFile != "" {
 		content, err := p.h.Loader().Load(c.ArgsFromFile)
@@ -157,35 +161,46 @@ func (p *ExecPlugin) invokePlugin(input []byte) ([]byte, error) {
 	_, err = f.Write(p.cfg)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, errors.WrapPrefixf(
-			err, "writing plugin config to "+f.Name())
+			err, "writing plugin config to %s", f.Name())
 	}
 	err = f.Close()
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, errors.WrapPrefixf(
-			err, "closing plugin config file "+f.Name())
+			err, "closing plugin config file %s", f.Name())
 	}
-	//nolint:gosec
 	cmd := exec.Command(
 		p.path, append([]string{f.Name()}, p.args...)...)
 	cmd.Env = p.getEnv()
 	cmd.Stdin = bytes.NewReader(input)
-	cmd.Stderr = os.Stderr
+	var stdErr bytes.Buffer
+	cmd.Stderr = &stdErr
 	if _, err := os.Stat(p.h.Loader().Root()); err == nil {
 		cmd.Dir = p.h.Loader().Root()
 	}
 	result, err := cmd.Output()
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, errors.WrapPrefixf(
-			err, "failure in plugin configured via %s; %v",
-			f.Name(), err.Error())
+			fmt.Errorf("failure in plugin configured via %s; %w", f.Name(), err),
+			"%s", stdErr.String())
 	}
 	return result, os.Remove(f.Name())
 }
 
 func (p *ExecPlugin) getEnv() []string {
 	env := os.Environ()
-	env = append(env,
-		"KUSTOMIZE_PLUGIN_CONFIG_STRING="+string(p.cfg),
-		"KUSTOMIZE_PLUGIN_CONFIG_ROOT="+p.h.Loader().Root())
+	pluginConfigString := "KUSTOMIZE_PLUGIN_CONFIG_STRING=" + string(p.cfg)
+	if len(pluginConfigString) <= maxArgStringLength {
+		env = append(env, pluginConfigString)
+	} else {
+		log.Printf("KUSTOMIZE_PLUGIN_CONFIG_STRING exceeds hard limit of %d characters, the environment variable "+
+			"will be omitted", maxArgStringLength)
+	}
+	pluginConfigRoot := "KUSTOMIZE_PLUGIN_CONFIG_ROOT=" + p.h.Loader().Root()
+	if len(pluginConfigRoot) <= maxArgStringLength {
+		env = append(env, pluginConfigRoot)
+	} else {
+		log.Printf("KUSTOMIZE_PLUGIN_CONFIG_ROOT exceeds hard limit of %d characters, the environment variable "+
+			"will be omitted", maxArgStringLength)
+	}
 	return env
 }

api/internal/plugins/execplugin/execplugin_test.go

@@ -10,16 +10,22 @@ import (
 	"testing"
 
 	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+	fLdr "sigs.k8s.io/kustomize/api/internal/loader"
 	. "sigs.k8s.io/kustomize/api/internal/plugins/execplugin"
 	pLdr "sigs.k8s.io/kustomize/api/internal/plugins/loader"
 	"sigs.k8s.io/kustomize/api/internal/plugins/utils"
-	fLdr "sigs.k8s.io/kustomize/api/loader"
 	"sigs.k8s.io/kustomize/api/provider"
 	"sigs.k8s.io/kustomize/api/resmap"
 	"sigs.k8s.io/kustomize/api/types"
 	"sigs.k8s.io/kustomize/kyaml/filesys"
 )
 
+const (
+	expectedLargeConfigMap = `{"apiVersion":"v1","data":{"password":"password","username":"user"},"kind":"ConfigMap",` +
+		`"metadata":{"annotations":{"internal.config.kubernetes.io/generatorBehavior":"unspecified",` +
+		`"internal.config.kubernetes.io/needsHashSuffix":"enabled"},"name":"example-configmap-test"}}`
+)
+
 func TestExecPluginConfig(t *testing.T) {
 	fSys := filesys.MakeFsInMemory()
 	err := fSys.WriteFile("sed-input.txt", []byte(`
@@ -35,7 +41,7 @@ s/$BAR/bar baz/g
 	}
 	pvd := provider.NewDefaultDepProvider()
 	rf := resmap.NewFactory(pvd.GetResourceFactory())
-	pluginConfig := rf.RF().FromMap(
+	pluginConfig, err := rf.RF().FromMap(
 		map[string]interface{}{
 			"apiVersion": "someteam.example.com/v1",
 			"kind":       "SedTransformer",
@@ -45,6 +51,9 @@ s/$BAR/bar baz/g
 			"argsOneLiner": "one two 'foo bar'",
 			"argsFromFile": "sed-input.txt",
 		})
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("failed to writes the data to a file: %v", err)
+	}
 
 	pluginConfig.RemoveBuildAnnotations()
 	pc := types.DisabledPluginConfig()
@@ -125,3 +134,104 @@ func TestExecPlugin_ErrIfNotExecutable(t *testing.T) {
 		t.Fatalf("unexpected err: %v", err)
 	}
 }
+
+// TestExecPluginLarge loads PluginConfigs of various (large) sizes. It tests if the env variable is kept below the
+// maximum of 131072 bytes.
+func TestExecPluginLarge(t *testing.T) {
+	// Skip this test on windows.
+	if runtime.GOOS == "windows" {
+		t.Skipf("always returns nil on Windows")
+	}
+
+	// Add executable plugin.
+	srcRoot, err := utils.DeterminePluginSrcRoot(filesys.MakeFsOnDisk())
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Error(err)
+	}
+	executablePlugin := filepath.Join(
+		srcRoot, "someteam.example.com", "v1", "bashedconfigmap", "BashedConfigMap")
+	p := NewExecPlugin(executablePlugin)
+	err = p.ErrIfNotExecutable()
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("unexpected err: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	// Create a fake filesystem.
+	fSys := filesys.MakeFsInMemory()
+
+	// Load plugin config.
+	ldr, err := fLdr.NewLoader(
+		fLdr.RestrictionRootOnly, filesys.Separator, fSys)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	pvd := provider.NewDefaultDepProvider()
+	rf := resmap.NewFactory(pvd.GetResourceFactory())
+	pc := types.DisabledPluginConfig()
+
+	// Test for various lengths. 131071 is the max length that we can have for any given env var in Bytes.
+	tcs := []struct {
+		length int
+		char   rune
+	}{
+		{1000, 'a'},
+		{131071, 'a'},
+		{131072, 'a'},
+		{200000, 'a'},
+		{131071, '安'},
+		{131074, '安'},
+	}
+	for _, tc := range tcs {
+		t.Logf("Testing with an env var length of %d and character %c", tc.length, tc.char)
+		pluginConfig, err := rf.RF().FromBytes(buildLargePluginConfig(tc.length, tc.char))
+		if err != nil {
+			t.Fatalf("unexpected err: %v", err)
+		}
+		yaml, err := pluginConfig.AsYAML()
+		if err != nil {
+			t.Fatalf("unexpected err: %v", err)
+		}
+		err = p.Config(resmap.NewPluginHelpers(ldr, pvd.GetFieldValidator(), rf, pc), yaml)
+		if err != nil {
+			t.Fatalf("unexpected err: %v", err)
+		}
+		resMap, err := p.Generate()
+		if err != nil {
+			t.Fatalf("unexpected err: %v", err)
+		}
+		rNodeSlices := resMap.ToRNodeSlice()
+		for _, rNodeSlice := range rNodeSlices {
+			json, err := rNodeSlice.MarshalJSON()
+			if err != nil {
+				t.Fatalf("unexpected err: %v", err)
+			}
+			if string(json) != expectedLargeConfigMap {
+				t.Fatalf("expected generated JSON to match %q, but got %q instead",
+					expectedLargeConfigMap, string(json))
+			}
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+// buildLargePluginConfig builds a plugin configuration of length: length - len("KUSTOMIZE_PLUGIN_CONFIG_STRING=")
+// This allows us to create an environment variable KUSTOMIZE_PLUGIN_CONFIG_STRING=<plugin content> with the exact
+// length that's provided in the length parameter. Used as a helper for TestExecPluginLarge.
+func buildLargePluginConfig(length int, char rune) []byte {
+	length -= len("KUSTOMIZE_PLUGIN_CONFIG_STRING=")
+
+	var sb strings.Builder
+	sb.WriteString("apiVersion: someteam.example.com/v1\n")
+	sb.WriteString("kind: BashedConfigMap\n")
+	sb.WriteString("metadata:\n")
+	sb.WriteString("  name: some-random-name\n")
+	sb.WriteString("argsOneLiner: \"user password\"\n")
+	sb.WriteString("customArg: ")
+
+	// Now, fill up parameter customArg: until we reach the desired length. Account for the fact that runes can be
+	// 1 to 4 Bytes each.
+	upperBound := length - sb.Len()
+	for i := 0; i < upperBound-len(string(char)); i += len(string(char)) {
+		sb.WriteRune(char)
+	}
+	return []byte(sb.String())
+}

api/internal/plugins/execplugin/shlex.go

@@ -0,0 +1,62 @@
+// Copyright 2019 The Kubernetes Authors.
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
+
+package execplugin
+
+import (
+	"fmt"
+	"strings"
+	"unicode"
+)
+
+// ShlexSplit splits a string into a slice of strings using shell-style rules for quoting and commenting
+// Similar to Python's shlex.split with comments enabled
+func ShlexSplit(s string) ([]string, error) {
+	return shlexSplit(s)
+}
+
+func shlexSplit(s string) ([]string, error) {
+	result := []string{}
+
+	// noQuote is used to track if we are not in a quoted
+	const noQuote = 0
+
+	var current strings.Builder
+	var quote rune = noQuote
+	var escaped bool
+
+	for _, r := range s {
+		switch {
+		case escaped:
+			current.WriteRune(r)
+			escaped = false
+		case r == '\\' && quote != '\'':
+			escaped = true
+		case (r == '\'' || r == '"') && quote == noQuote:
+			quote = r
+		case r == quote:
+			quote = noQuote
+		case r == '#' && quote == noQuote:
+			// Comment starts, ignore the rest of the line
+			if current.Len() > 0 {
+				result = append(result, current.String())
+			}
+			return result, nil
+		case unicode.IsSpace(r) && quote == noQuote:
+			if current.Len() > 0 {
+				result = append(result, current.String())
+				current.Reset()
+			}
+		default:
+			current.WriteRune(r)
+		}
+	}
+
+	if quote != noQuote {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("unclosed quote in string")
+	}
+	if current.Len() > 0 {
+		result = append(result, current.String())
+	}
+	return result, nil
+}

api/internal/plugins/execplugin/shlex_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,183 @@
+// Copyright 2019 The Kubernetes Authors.
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
+
+package execplugin
+
+import (
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+)
+
+func TestShlexSplit(t *testing.T) {
+	testCases := []struct {
+		name     string
+		input    string
+		expected []string
+		wantErr  bool
+	}{
+		{
+			name:     "basic space separation",
+			input:    `hello world`,
+			expected: []string{"hello", "world"},
+			wantErr:  false,
+		},
+		{
+			name:     "double quoted string",
+			input:    `"hello world"`,
+			expected: []string{"hello world"},
+			wantErr:  false,
+		},
+		{
+			name:     "single quoted string",
+			input:    `'hello world'`,
+			expected: []string{"hello world"},
+			wantErr:  false,
+		},
+		{
+			name:     "mixed quotes and words",
+			input:    `hello "world test"`,
+			expected: []string{"hello", "world test"},
+			wantErr:  false,
+		},
+		{
+			name:     "single quotes with spaces",
+			input:    `hello 'world test'`,
+			expected: []string{"hello", "world test"},
+			wantErr:  false,
+		},
+		{
+			name:     "nested quotes - single in double",
+			input:    `"hello 'nested' world"`,
+			expected: []string{"hello 'nested' world"},
+			wantErr:  false,
+		},
+		{
+			name:     "nested quotes - double in single",
+			input:    `'hello "nested" world'`,
+			expected: []string{"hello \"nested\" world"},
+			wantErr:  false,
+		},
+		{
+			name:     "escaped space",
+			input:    `hello\ world`,
+			expected: []string{"hello world"},
+			wantErr:  false,
+		},
+		{
+			name:     "escaped quotes in double quotes",
+			input:    `"hello \"world\""`,
+			expected: []string{"hello \"world\""},
+			wantErr:  false,
+		},
+		{
+			name:     "single quote in single quotes",
+			input:    `'can'\''t'`,
+			expected: []string{"can't"},
+			wantErr:  false,
+		},
+		{
+			name:     "complex argument list",
+			input:    `arg1 "arg 2" 'arg 3' arg4`,
+			expected: []string{"arg1", "arg 2", "arg 3", "arg4"},
+			wantErr:  false,
+		},
+		{
+			name:     "echo command with escaped quotes",
+			input:    `echo "Hello, \"World!\""`,
+			expected: []string{"echo", "Hello, \"World!\""},
+			wantErr:  false,
+		},
+		{
+			name:     "grep command with quoted search term",
+			input:    `grep -r "search term" /path/to/dir`,
+			expected: []string{"grep", "-r", "search term", "/path/to/dir"},
+			wantErr:  false,
+		},
+		{
+			name:     "ls command with quoted filename",
+			input:    `ls -la "file with spaces.txt"`,
+			expected: []string{"ls", "-la", "file with spaces.txt"},
+			wantErr:  false,
+		},
+		{
+			name:     "empty string",
+			input:    ``,
+			expected: []string{},
+			wantErr:  false,
+		},
+		{
+			name:     "multiple spaces",
+			input:    `   multiple	spaces   `,
+			expected: []string{"multiple", "spaces"},
+			wantErr:  false,
+		},
+		{
+			name:     "with comment string",
+			input:    `echo "Hello, W#orld!" ${USER} # This is a comment`,
+			expected: []string{"echo", "Hello, W#orld!", "${USER}"},
+			wantErr:  false,
+		},
+		{
+			name:     "comment only",
+			input:    `# this line is just a comment`,
+			expected: []string{},
+			wantErr:  false,
+		},
+		// may cause an error in shlex at python3
+		{
+			name:     "unclosed double quote",
+			input:    `"unclosed quote`,
+			expected: nil,
+			wantErr:  true,
+		},
+		{
+			name:     "unclosed single quote",
+			input:    `'unclosed quote`,
+			expected: nil,
+			wantErr:  true,
+		},
+		{
+			name:     "mixed unclosed quotes",
+			input:    `"mixed 'quotes`,
+			expected: nil,
+			wantErr:  true,
+		},
+		{
+			name:     "single quote closed with double quote",
+			input:    `"hello world'`,
+			expected: nil,
+			wantErr:  true,
+		},
+		{
+			name:     "double quote closed with single quote",
+			input:    `'hello world"`,
+			expected: nil,
+			wantErr:  true,
+		},
+	}
+
+	// execute each test case
+	for _, tc := range testCases {
+		t.Run(tc.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			// call the ShlexSplit function
+			result, err := ShlexSplit(tc.input)
+
+			// check for expected error
+			if tc.wantErr {
+				if err == nil {
+					t.Errorf("FAIL: Expected error but got none, Expected: %q\n", tc.expected)
+				}
+				return
+			}
+
+			if assert.NoError(t, err, "FAIL: Unexpected error %q for input %q", err, tc.input) {
+				// check if the result matches the expected output
+				assert.Equal(t, tc.expected, result,
+					"FAIL: Result mismatch,Input %q, Expected %q, Got: %q\n",
+					tc.input, tc.expected, result,
+				)
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}

api/internal/plugins/fnplugin/fnplugin.go

@@ -77,7 +77,6 @@ func NewFnPlugin(o *types.FnPluginLoadingOptions) *FnPlugin {
 		runFns: runfn.RunFns{
 			Functions:      []*yaml.RNode{},
 			Network:        o.Network,
-			EnableStarlark: o.EnableStar,
 			EnableExec:     o.EnableExec,
 			StorageMounts:  toStorageMounts(o.Mounts),
 			Env:            o.Env,

api/internal/plugins/loader/load_go_plugin.go

@@ -0,0 +1,62 @@
+// Copyright 2024 The Kubernetes Authors.
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
+//go:build !kustomize_disable_go_plugin_support
+
+package loader
+
+import (
+	"fmt"
+	"log"
+	"plugin"
+	"reflect"
+
+	"sigs.k8s.io/kustomize/api/internal/plugins/utils"
+	"sigs.k8s.io/kustomize/api/konfig"
+	"sigs.k8s.io/kustomize/api/resmap"
+	"sigs.k8s.io/kustomize/kyaml/errors"
+	"sigs.k8s.io/kustomize/kyaml/resid"
+)
+
+// registry is a means to avoid trying to load the same .so file
+// into memory more than once, which results in an error.
+// Each test makes its own loader, and tries to load its own plugins,
+// but the loaded .so files are in shared memory, so one will get
+// "this plugin already loaded" errors if the registry is maintained
+// as a Loader instance variable.  So make it a package variable.
+var registry = make(map[string]resmap.Configurable) //nolint:gochecknoglobals
+
+func copyPlugin(c resmap.Configurable) resmap.Configurable {
+	indirect := reflect.Indirect(reflect.ValueOf(c))
+	newIndirect := reflect.New(indirect.Type())
+	newIndirect.Elem().Set(reflect.ValueOf(indirect.Interface()))
+	newNamed := newIndirect.Interface()
+	return newNamed.(resmap.Configurable) //nolint:forcetypeassert
+}
+
+func (l *Loader) loadGoPlugin(id resid.ResId, absPath string) (resmap.Configurable, error) {
+	regId := relativePluginPath(id)
+	if c, ok := registry[regId]; ok {
+		return copyPlugin(c), nil
+	}
+	if !utils.FileExists(absPath) {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf(
+			"expected file with Go object code at: %s", absPath)
+	}
+	log.Printf("Attempting plugin load from %q", absPath)
+	p, err := plugin.Open(absPath)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, errors.WrapPrefixf(err, "plugin %s fails to load", absPath)
+	}
+	symbol, err := p.Lookup(konfig.PluginSymbol)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, errors.WrapPrefixf(
+			err, "plugin %s doesn't have symbol %s",
+			regId, konfig.PluginSymbol)
+	}
+	c, ok := symbol.(resmap.Configurable)
+	if !ok {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("plugin %q not configurable", regId)
+	}
+	registry[regId] = c
+	return copyPlugin(c), nil
+}

api/internal/plugins/loader/load_go_plugin_disabled.go

@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+// Copyright 2024 The Kubernetes Authors.
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
+
+// The build tag "kustomize_disable_go_plugin_support" is used to deactivate the
+// kustomize API's dependency on the "plugins" package. This is beneficial for
+// applications that need to embed it but do not have requirements for dynamic
+// Go plugins.
+// Including plugins as a dependency can lead to an increase in binary size due
+// to the population of ELF's sections such as .dynsym and .dynstr.
+// By utilizing this flag, applications have the flexibility to exclude the
+// import if they do not require support for dynamic Go plugins.
+//go:build kustomize_disable_go_plugin_support
+
+package loader
+
+import (
+	"fmt"
+
+	"sigs.k8s.io/kustomize/api/resmap"
+	"sigs.k8s.io/kustomize/kyaml/resid"
+)
+
+func (l *Loader) loadGoPlugin(_ resid.ResId, _ string) (resmap.Configurable, error) {
+	return nil, fmt.Errorf("plugin load is disabled")
+}

api/internal/plugins/loader/loader.go

@@ -5,18 +5,14 @@ package loader
 
 import (
 	"fmt"
-	"log"
 	"os"
 	"path/filepath"
-	"plugin"
-	"reflect"
 	"strings"
 
 	"sigs.k8s.io/kustomize/api/ifc"
 	"sigs.k8s.io/kustomize/api/internal/plugins/builtinhelpers"
 	"sigs.k8s.io/kustomize/api/internal/plugins/execplugin"
 	"sigs.k8s.io/kustomize/api/internal/plugins/fnplugin"
-	"sigs.k8s.io/kustomize/api/internal/plugins/utils"
 	"sigs.k8s.io/kustomize/api/konfig"
 	"sigs.k8s.io/kustomize/api/resmap"
 	"sigs.k8s.io/kustomize/api/resource"
@@ -38,7 +34,8 @@ type Loader struct {
 }
 
 func NewLoader(
-	pc *types.PluginConfig, rf *resmap.Factory, fs filesys.FileSystem) *Loader {
+	pc *types.PluginConfig, rf *resmap.Factory, fs filesys.FileSystem,
+) *Loader {
 	return &Loader{pc: pc, rf: rf, fs: fs}
 }
 
@@ -62,7 +59,8 @@ func (l *Loader) Config() *types.PluginConfig {
 
 func (l *Loader) LoadGenerators(
 	ldr ifc.Loader, v ifc.Validator, rm resmap.ResMap) (
-	result []*resmap.GeneratorWithProperties, err error) {
+	result []*resmap.GeneratorWithProperties, err error,
+) {
 	for _, res := range rm.Resources() {
 		g, err := l.LoadGenerator(ldr, v, res)
 		if err != nil {
@@ -78,7 +76,8 @@ func (l *Loader) LoadGenerators(
 }
 
 func (l *Loader) LoadGenerator(
-	ldr ifc.Loader, v ifc.Validator, res *resource.Resource) (resmap.Generator, error) {
+	ldr ifc.Loader, v ifc.Validator, res *resource.Resource,
+) (resmap.Generator, error) {
 	c, err := l.loadAndConfigurePlugin(ldr, v, res)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
@@ -91,7 +90,8 @@ func (l *Loader) LoadGenerator(
 }
 
 func (l *Loader) LoadTransformers(
-	ldr ifc.Loader, v ifc.Validator, rm resmap.ResMap) ([]*resmap.TransformerWithProperties, error) {
+	ldr ifc.Loader, v ifc.Validator, rm resmap.ResMap,
+) ([]*resmap.TransformerWithProperties, error) {
 	var result []*resmap.TransformerWithProperties
 	for _, res := range rm.Resources() {
 		t, err := l.LoadTransformer(ldr, v, res)
@@ -108,7 +108,8 @@ func (l *Loader) LoadTransformers(
 }
 
 func (l *Loader) LoadTransformer(
-	ldr ifc.Loader, v ifc.Validator, res *resource.Resource) (*resmap.TransformerWithProperties, error) {
+	ldr ifc.Loader, v ifc.Validator, res *resource.Resource,
+) (*resmap.TransformerWithProperties, error) {
 	c, err := l.loadAndConfigurePlugin(ldr, v, res)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
@@ -183,7 +184,8 @@ func isBuiltinPlugin(res *resource.Resource) bool {
 func (l *Loader) loadAndConfigurePlugin(
 	ldr ifc.Loader,
 	v ifc.Validator,
-	res *resource.Resource) (c resmap.Configurable, err error) {
+	res *resource.Resource,
+) (c resmap.Configurable, err error) {
 	if isBuiltinPlugin(res) {
 		switch l.pc.BpLoadingOptions {
 		case types.BploLoadFromFileSys:
@@ -196,7 +198,7 @@ func (l *Loader) loadAndConfigurePlugin(
 			c, err = l.makeBuiltinPlugin(res.GetGvk())
 		default:
 			err = fmt.Errorf(
-				"unknown plugin loader behavior specified: %v",
+				"unknown plugin loader behavior specified: %s %v", res.GetGvk().String(),
 				l.pc.BpLoadingOptions)
 		}
 	} else {
@@ -249,7 +251,7 @@ func (l *Loader) loadPlugin(res *resource.Resource) (resmap.Configurable, error)
 				return nil, errors.Errorf("plugin %s with mount path '%s' is not permitted; "+
 					"mount paths must be relative to the current kustomization directory", res.OrgId(), mount.Src)
 			}
-			if strings.HasPrefix(filepath.Clean(mount.Src), "../") {
+			if strings.HasPrefix(filepath.Clean(mount.Src), "..") {
 				return nil, errors.Errorf("plugin %s with mount path '%s' is not permitted; "+
 					"mount paths must be under the current kustomization directory", res.OrgId(), mount.Src)
 			}
@@ -286,47 +288,3 @@ func (l *Loader) loadExecOrGoPlugin(resId resid.ResId) (resmap.Configurable, err
 	}
 	return c, nil
 }
-
-// registry is a means to avoid trying to load the same .so file
-// into memory more than once, which results in an error.
-// Each test makes its own loader, and tries to load its own plugins,
-// but the loaded .so files are in shared memory, so one will get
-// "this plugin already loaded" errors if the registry is maintained
-// as a Loader instance variable.  So make it a package variable.
-var registry = make(map[string]resmap.Configurable)
-
-func (l *Loader) loadGoPlugin(id resid.ResId, absPath string) (resmap.Configurable, error) {
-	regId := relativePluginPath(id)
-	if c, ok := registry[regId]; ok {
-		return copyPlugin(c), nil
-	}
-	if !utils.FileExists(absPath) {
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf(
-			"expected file with Go object code at: %s", absPath)
-	}
-	log.Printf("Attempting plugin load from '%s'", absPath)
-	p, err := plugin.Open(absPath)
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, errors.WrapPrefixf(err, "plugin %s fails to load", absPath)
-	}
-	symbol, err := p.Lookup(konfig.PluginSymbol)
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, errors.WrapPrefixf(
-			err, "plugin %s doesn't have symbol %s",
-			regId, konfig.PluginSymbol)
-	}
-	c, ok := symbol.(resmap.Configurable)
-	if !ok {
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("plugin '%s' not configurable", regId)
-	}
-	registry[regId] = c
-	return copyPlugin(c), nil
-}
-
-func copyPlugin(c resmap.Configurable) resmap.Configurable {
-	indirect := reflect.Indirect(reflect.ValueOf(c))
-	newIndirect := reflect.New(indirect.Type())
-	newIndirect.Elem().Set(reflect.ValueOf(indirect.Interface()))
-	newNamed := newIndirect.Interface()
-	return newNamed.(resmap.Configurable)
-}

api/internal/plugins/loader/loader_test.go

@@ -7,8 +7,8 @@ import (
 	"testing"
 
 	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+	"sigs.k8s.io/kustomize/api/internal/loader"
 	. "sigs.k8s.io/kustomize/api/internal/plugins/loader"
-	"sigs.k8s.io/kustomize/api/loader"
 	"sigs.k8s.io/kustomize/api/provider"
 	"sigs.k8s.io/kustomize/api/resmap"
 	kusttest_test "sigs.k8s.io/kustomize/api/testutils/kusttest"
@@ -18,7 +18,6 @@ import (
 )
 
 const (
-	//nolint:gosec
 	secretGenerator = `
 apiVersion: builtin
 kind: SecretGenerator
@@ -96,3 +95,43 @@ func TestLoaderWithWorkingDir(t *testing.T) {
 		npLdr.Config().FnpLoadingOptions.WorkingDir,
 		"the plugin working dir is not updated")
 }
+
+func TestLoaderWithStorageMounts(t *testing.T) {
+	const storageMountTransformer = `
+apiVersion: com.example.kustomize/v1
+kind: Test
+metadata:
+  name: test-transformer
+  annotations:
+    config.kubernetes.io/function: |
+      container:
+        image: test
+        mounts:
+          - type: bind
+            src: ../
+            dst: /mount
+`
+	p := provider.NewDefaultDepProvider()
+	rmF := resmap.NewFactory(p.GetResourceFactory())
+	fsys := filesys.MakeFsInMemory()
+	fLdr, err := loader.NewLoader(
+		loader.RestrictionRootOnly,
+		filesys.Separator, fsys)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	configs, err := rmF.NewResMapFromBytes([]byte(storageMountTransformer))
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	c := types.EnabledPluginConfig(types.BploLoadFromFileSys)
+	pLdr := NewLoader(c, rmF, fsys)
+	if pLdr == nil {
+		t.Fatal("expect non-nil loader")
+	}
+	_, err = pLdr.LoadTransformers(
+		fLdr, valtest_test.MakeFakeValidator(), configs)
+	if err == nil { // should fail because src specified is outside root
+		t.Fatal("the loader allowed a mount outside root")
+	}
+}

api/internal/plugins/utils/utils_test.go

@@ -9,7 +9,6 @@ import (
 	"strings"
 	"testing"
 
-	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
 	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
 	"sigs.k8s.io/kustomize/api/konfig"
 	"sigs.k8s.io/kustomize/api/provider"
@@ -33,11 +32,14 @@ func TestDeterminePluginSrcRoot(t *testing.T) {
 }
 
 func makeConfigMap(rf *resource.Factory, name, behavior string, hashValue *string) *resource.Resource {
-	r := rf.FromMap(map[string]interface{}{
+	r, err := rf.FromMap(map[string]interface{}{
 		"apiVersion": "v1",
 		"kind":       "ConfigMap",
 		"metadata":   map[string]interface{}{"name": name},
 	})
+	if err != nil {
+		panic(err)
+	}
 	annotations := map[string]string{}
 	if behavior != "" {
 		annotations[BehaviorAnnotation] = behavior
@@ -53,7 +55,7 @@ func makeConfigMap(rf *resource.Factory, name, behavior string, hashValue *strin
 	return r
 }
 
-func makeConfigMapOptions(rf *resource.Factory, name, behavior string, disableHash bool) *resource.Resource {
+func makeConfigMapOptions(rf *resource.Factory, name, behavior string, disableHash bool) (*resource.Resource, error) {
 	return rf.FromMapAndOption(map[string]interface{}{
 		"apiVersion": "v1",
 		"kind":       "ConfigMap",
@@ -89,12 +91,16 @@ func TestUpdateResourceOptions(t *testing.T) {
 		name := fmt.Sprintf("test%d", i)
 		err := in.Append(makeConfigMap(rf, name, c.behavior, c.hashValue))
 		require.NoError(t, err)
-		err = expected.Append(makeConfigMapOptions(rf, name, c.behavior, !c.needsHash))
+		config, err := makeConfigMapOptions(rf, name, c.behavior, !c.needsHash)
+		if err != nil {
+			t.Errorf("expected new instance with an options but got error: %v", err)
+		}
+		err = expected.Append(config)
 		require.NoError(t, err)
 	}
 	actual, err := UpdateResourceOptions(in)
-	assert.NoError(t, err)
-	assert.NoError(t, expected.ErrorIfNotEqualLists(actual))
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.NoError(t, expected.ErrorIfNotEqualLists(actual))
 }
 
 func TestUpdateResourceOptionsWithInvalidHashAnnotationValues(t *testing.T) {

api/internal/target/kusttarget.go

@@ -13,12 +13,12 @@ import (
 	"sigs.k8s.io/kustomize/api/internal/accumulator"
 	"sigs.k8s.io/kustomize/api/internal/builtins"
 	"sigs.k8s.io/kustomize/api/internal/kusterr"
+	load "sigs.k8s.io/kustomize/api/internal/loader"
 	"sigs.k8s.io/kustomize/api/internal/plugins/builtinconfig"
 	"sigs.k8s.io/kustomize/api/internal/plugins/builtinhelpers"
 	"sigs.k8s.io/kustomize/api/internal/plugins/loader"
 	"sigs.k8s.io/kustomize/api/internal/utils"
 	"sigs.k8s.io/kustomize/api/konfig"
-	load "sigs.k8s.io/kustomize/api/loader"
 	"sigs.k8s.io/kustomize/api/resmap"
 	"sigs.k8s.io/kustomize/api/resource"
 	"sigs.k8s.io/kustomize/api/types"
@@ -29,13 +29,14 @@ import (
 
 // KustTarget encapsulates the entirety of a kustomization build.
 type KustTarget struct {
-	kustomization *types.Kustomization
-	kustFileName  string
-	ldr           ifc.Loader
-	validator     ifc.Validator
-	rFactory      *resmap.Factory
-	pLdr          *loader.Loader
-	origin        *resource.Origin
+	kustomization     *types.Kustomization
+	kustFileName      string
+	ldr               ifc.Loader
+	validator         ifc.Validator
+	rFactory          *resmap.Factory
+	pLdr              *loader.Loader
+	origin            *resource.Origin
+	helmRootNamespace string // namespace inherited from parent kustomization for HelmCharts
 }
 
 // NewKustTarget returns a new instance of KustTarget.
@@ -73,6 +74,11 @@ func (kt *KustTarget) Load() error {
 
 	k.FixKustomization()
 
+	// check that Kustomization is empty
+	if err := k.CheckEmpty(); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
 	errs := k.EnforceFields()
 	if len(errs) > 0 {
 		return fmt.Errorf(
@@ -197,10 +203,6 @@ func (kt *KustTarget) accumulateTarget(ra *accumulator.ResAccumulator) (
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, errors.WrapPrefixf(err, "accumulating resources")
 	}
-	ra, err = kt.accumulateComponents(ra, kt.kustomization.Components)
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, errors.WrapPrefixf(err, "accumulating components")
-	}
 	tConfig, err := builtinconfig.MakeTransformerConfig(
 		kt.ldr, kt.kustomization.Configurations)
 	if err != nil {
@@ -225,6 +227,14 @@ func (kt *KustTarget) accumulateTarget(ra *accumulator.ResAccumulator) (
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
+
+	// components are expected to execute after reading resources and adding generators ,before applying transformers and validation.
+	// https://github.com/kubernetes-sigs/kustomize/pull/5170#discussion_r1212101287
+	ra, err = kt.accumulateComponents(ra, kt.kustomization.Components)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, errors.WrapPrefixf(err, "accumulating components")
+	}
+
 	err = kt.runTransformers(ra)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
@@ -416,7 +426,14 @@ func (kt *KustTarget) accumulateResources(
 			}
 			ldr, err := kt.ldr.New(path)
 			if err != nil {
-				if kusterr.IsMalformedYAMLError(errF) { // Some error occurred while tyring to decode YAML file
+				// If accumulateFile found malformed YAML and there was a failure
+				// loading the resource as a base, then the resource is likely a
+				// file. The loader failure message is unnecessary, and could be
+				// confusing. Report only the file load error.
+				//
+				// However, a loader timeout implies there is a git repo at the
+				// path. In that case, both errors could be important.
+				if kusterr.IsMalformedYAMLError(errF) && !utils.IsErrTimeout(err) {
 					return nil, errF
 				}
 				return nil, errors.WrapPrefixf(
@@ -433,9 +450,6 @@ func (kt *KustTarget) accumulateResources(
 				ra, err = kt.accumulateDirectory(ra, ldr, false)
 			}
 			if err != nil {
-				if kusterr.IsMalformedYAMLError(errF) { // Some error occurred while tyring to decode YAML file
-					return nil, errF
-				}
 				return nil, errors.WrapPrefixf(
 					err, "accumulation err='%s'", errF.Error())
 			}
@@ -444,7 +458,7 @@ func (kt *KustTarget) accumulateResources(
 	return ra, nil
 }
 
-// accumulateResources fills the given resourceAccumulator
+// accumulateComponents fills the given resourceAccumulator
 // with resources read from the given list of paths.
 func (kt *KustTarget) accumulateComponents(
 	ra *accumulator.ResAccumulator, paths []string) (*accumulator.ResAccumulator, error) {
@@ -483,6 +497,16 @@ func (kt *KustTarget) accumulateDirectory(
 	}
 	subKt.kustomization.BuildMetadata = kt.kustomization.BuildMetadata
 	subKt.origin = kt.origin
+	// Propagate namespace to child kustomization's helmRootNamespace for HelmCharts
+	// This ensures Helm charts in base kustomizations inherit namespace from overlays
+	// without affecting other transformers like patches
+	// Fixes https://github.com/kubernetes-sigs/kustomize/issues/6031
+	// Fixes https://github.com/kubernetes-sigs/kustomize/issues/6027
+	if kt.kustomization.Namespace != "" {
+		subKt.helmRootNamespace = kt.kustomization.Namespace
+	} else if kt.helmRootNamespace != "" {
+		subKt.helmRootNamespace = kt.helmRootNamespace
+	}
 	var bytes []byte
 	if openApiPath, exists := subKt.Kustomization().OpenAPI["path"]; exists {
 		bytes, err = ldr.Load(openApiPath)

api/internal/target/kusttarget_configplugin.go

@@ -166,6 +166,16 @@ var generatorConfigurators = map[builtinhelpers.BuiltinPluginType]func(
 		for _, chart := range kt.kustomization.HelmCharts {
 			c.HelmGlobals = globals
 			c.HelmChart = chart
+			// Pass kustomize namespace to helm
+			// Fixes https://github.com/kubernetes-sigs/kustomize/issues/5566
+			// Also propagate parent namespace for multi-level kustomization hierarchies
+			if c.HelmChart.Namespace == "" {
+				if kt.kustomization.Namespace != "" {
+					c.HelmChart.Namespace = kt.kustomization.Namespace
+				} else if kt.helmRootNamespace != "" {
+					c.HelmChart.Namespace = kt.helmRootNamespace
+				}
+			}
 			p := f()
 			if err = kt.configureBuiltinPlugin(p, c, bpt); err != nil {
 				return nil, err
@@ -250,10 +260,10 @@ var transformerConfigurators = map[builtinhelpers.BuiltinPluginType]func(
 			return
 		}
 		var c struct {
-			Path    string          `json:"path,omitempty" yaml:"path,omitempty"`
-			Patch   string          `json:"patch,omitempty" yaml:"patch,omitempty"`
-			Target  *types.Selector `json:"target,omitempty" yaml:"target,omitempty"`
-			Options map[string]bool `json:"options,omitempty" yaml:"options,omitempty"`
+			Path    string           `json:"path,omitempty"    yaml:"path,omitempty"`
+			Patch   string           `json:"patch,omitempty"   yaml:"patch,omitempty"`
+			Target  *types.Selector  `json:"target,omitempty"  yaml:"target,omitempty"`
+			Options *types.PatchArgs `json:"options,omitempty" yaml:"options,omitempty"`
 		}
 		for _, pc := range kt.kustomization.Patches {
 			c.Target = pc.Target
@@ -275,13 +285,25 @@ var transformerConfigurators = map[builtinhelpers.BuiltinPluginType]func(
 		if len(kt.kustomization.Labels) == 0 && len(kt.kustomization.CommonLabels) == 0 {
 			return
 		}
+
+		type labelStruct struct {
+			Labels     map[string]string
+			FieldSpecs []types.FieldSpec
+		}
+
 		for _, label := range kt.kustomization.Labels {
-			var c struct {
-				Labels     map[string]string
-				FieldSpecs []types.FieldSpec
-			}
+			var c labelStruct
+
 			c.Labels = label.Pairs
 			fss := types.FsSlice(label.FieldSpecs)
+
+			// merge labels specified in the label section of transformer configs
+			// these apply to selectors and templates
+			fss, err := fss.MergeAll(tc.Labels)
+			if err != nil {
+				return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to merge labels: %w", err)
+			}
+
 			// merge the custom fieldSpecs with the default
 			if label.IncludeSelectors {
 				fss, err = fss.MergeAll(tc.CommonLabels)
@@ -293,11 +315,18 @@ var transformerConfigurators = map[builtinhelpers.BuiltinPluginType]func(
 						return nil, errors.WrapPrefixf(err, "failed to merge template fieldSpec")
 					}
 				}
+				// merge spec/volumeClaimTemplates[]/metadata fieldSpecs if includeVolumeClaimTemplates flag is true
+				if label.IncludeVolumeClaimTemplates {
+					fss, err = fss.MergeAll(tc.VolumeClaimTemplateLabels)
+					if err != nil {
+						return nil, errors.WrapPrefixf(err, "failed to merge volumeClaimTemplate fieldSpec")
+					}
+				}
 				// only add to metadata by default
 				fss, err = fss.MergeOne(types.FieldSpec{Path: "metadata/labels", CreateIfNotPresent: true})
 			}
 			if err != nil {
-				return nil, err
+				return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to merge labels: %w", err)
 			}
 			c.FieldSpecs = fss
 			p := f()
@@ -307,10 +336,9 @@ var transformerConfigurators = map[builtinhelpers.BuiltinPluginType]func(
 			}
 			result = append(result, p)
 		}
-		var c struct {
-			Labels     map[string]string
-			FieldSpecs []types.FieldSpec
-		}
+
+		var c labelStruct
+
 		c.Labels = kt.kustomization.CommonLabels
 		c.FieldSpecs = tc.CommonLabels
 		p := f()

api/internal/target/kusttarget_test.go

@@ -6,14 +6,18 @@ package target_test
 import (
 	"encoding/base64"
 	"fmt"
+	"net/http"
+	"net/http/httptest"
 	"reflect"
 	"testing"
+	"time"
 
 	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
 	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
 	"sigs.k8s.io/kustomize/api/ifc"
 	. "sigs.k8s.io/kustomize/api/internal/target"
-	"sigs.k8s.io/kustomize/api/loader"
+	"sigs.k8s.io/kustomize/api/internal/utils"
+	"sigs.k8s.io/kustomize/api/pkg/loader"
 	"sigs.k8s.io/kustomize/api/provider"
 	"sigs.k8s.io/kustomize/api/resmap"
 	"sigs.k8s.io/kustomize/api/resource"
@@ -79,6 +83,7 @@ func TestLoad(t *testing.T) {
 			k: types.Kustomization{
 				TypeMeta: expectedTypeMeta,
 			},
+			errContains: "kustomization.yaml is empty",
 		},
 		"nonsenseLatin": {
 			errContains: "found a tab character that violates indentation",
@@ -188,13 +193,67 @@ metadata:
 
 	pvd := provider.NewDefaultDepProvider()
 	resFactory := pvd.GetResourceFactory()
+	name0 := "dply1"
 
-	resources := []*resource.Resource{
-		resFactory.FromMapWithName("dply1", map[string]interface{}{
-			"apiVersion": "apps/v1",
-			"kind":       "Deployment",
+	r0, err := resFactory.FromMapWithName(name0, map[string]interface{}{
+		"apiVersion": "apps/v1",
+		"kind":       "Deployment",
+		"metadata": map[string]interface{}{
+			"name":      "foo-dply1-bar",
+			"namespace": "ns1",
+			"labels": map[string]interface{}{
+				"app": "nginx",
+			},
+			"annotations": map[string]interface{}{
+				"note": "This is a test annotation",
+			},
+		},
+		"spec": map[string]interface{}{
+			"replica": "3",
+			"selector": map[string]interface{}{
+				"matchLabels": map[string]interface{}{
+					"app": "nginx",
+				},
+			},
+			"template": map[string]interface{}{
+				"metadata": map[string]interface{}{
+					"annotations": map[string]interface{}{
+						"note": "This is a test annotation",
+					},
+					"labels": map[string]interface{}{
+						"app": "nginx",
+					},
+				},
+			},
+		},
+	})
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("failed to get instance with given name %v: %v", name0, err)
+	}
+	name1 := "ns1"
+	r1, err := resFactory.FromMapWithName(name1, map[string]interface{}{
+		"apiVersion": "v1",
+		"kind":       "Namespace",
+		"metadata": map[string]interface{}{
+			"name": "ns1",
+			"labels": map[string]interface{}{
+				"app": "nginx",
+			},
+			"annotations": map[string]interface{}{
+				"note": "This is a test annotation",
+			},
+		},
+	})
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("failed to get instance with given name %v: %v", name1, err)
+	}
+
+	r2, _ := resFactory.FromMapWithName("literalConfigMap",
+		map[string]interface{}{
+			"apiVersion": "v1",
+			"kind":       "ConfigMap",
 			"metadata": map[string]interface{}{
-				"name":      "foo-dply1-bar",
+				"name":      "foo-literalConfigMap-bar-g5f6t456f5",
 				"namespace": "ns1",
 				"labels": map[string]interface{}{
 					"app": "nginx",
@@ -203,30 +262,20 @@ metadata:
 					"note": "This is a test annotation",
 				},
 			},
-			"spec": map[string]interface{}{
-				"replica": "3",
-				"selector": map[string]interface{}{
-					"matchLabels": map[string]interface{}{
-						"app": "nginx",
-					},
-				},
-				"template": map[string]interface{}{
-					"metadata": map[string]interface{}{
-						"annotations": map[string]interface{}{
-							"note": "This is a test annotation",
-						},
-						"labels": map[string]interface{}{
-							"app": "nginx",
-						},
-					},
-				},
+			"data": map[string]interface{}{
+				"DB_USERNAME": "admin",
+				"DB_PASSWORD": "somepw",
 			},
-		}),
-		resFactory.FromMapWithName("ns1", map[string]interface{}{
+		})
+
+	name2 := "secret"
+	r3, err := resFactory.FromMapWithName(name2,
+		map[string]interface{}{
 			"apiVersion": "v1",
-			"kind":       "Namespace",
+			"kind":       "Secret",
 			"metadata": map[string]interface{}{
-				"name": "ns1",
+				"name":      "foo-secret-bar-82c2g5f8f6",
+				"namespace": "ns1",
 				"labels": map[string]interface{}{
 					"app": "nginx",
 				},
@@ -234,65 +283,37 @@ metadata:
 					"note": "This is a test annotation",
 				},
 			},
-		}),
-		resFactory.FromMapWithName("literalConfigMap",
-			map[string]interface{}{
-				"apiVersion": "v1",
-				"kind":       "ConfigMap",
-				"metadata": map[string]interface{}{
-					"name":      "foo-literalConfigMap-bar-g5f6t456f5",
-					"namespace": "ns1",
-					"labels": map[string]interface{}{
-						"app": "nginx",
-					},
-					"annotations": map[string]interface{}{
-						"note": "This is a test annotation",
-					},
-				},
-				"data": map[string]interface{}{
-					"DB_USERNAME": "admin",
-					"DB_PASSWORD": "somepw",
-				},
-			}),
-		resFactory.FromMapWithName("secret",
-			map[string]interface{}{
-				"apiVersion": "v1",
-				"kind":       "Secret",
-				"metadata": map[string]interface{}{
-					"name":      "foo-secret-bar-82c2g5f8f6",
-					"namespace": "ns1",
-					"labels": map[string]interface{}{
-						"app": "nginx",
-					},
-					"annotations": map[string]interface{}{
-						"note": "This is a test annotation",
-					},
-				},
-				"type": ifc.SecretTypeOpaque,
-				"data": map[string]interface{}{
-					"DB_USERNAME": base64.StdEncoding.EncodeToString([]byte("admin")),
-					"DB_PASSWORD": base64.StdEncoding.EncodeToString([]byte("somepw")),
-				},
-			}),
+			"type": ifc.SecretTypeOpaque,
+			"data": map[string]interface{}{
+				"DB_USERNAME": base64.StdEncoding.EncodeToString([]byte("admin")),
+				"DB_PASSWORD": base64.StdEncoding.EncodeToString([]byte("somepw")),
+			},
+		})
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("failed to get instance with given name %v: %v", name2, err)
 	}
 
+	resources := []*resource.Resource{r0, r1, r2, r3}
+
 	expected := resmap.New()
 	for _, r := range resources {
-		if err := expected.Append(r); err != nil {
-			t.Fatalf("unexpected error %v", err)
-		}
+		require.NoError(t, expected.Append(r), "failed to append resource: %v")
 	}
 	expected.RemoveBuildAnnotations()
+	require.NoError(t, expected.RemoveTransformerAnnotations())
+	require.NoError(t, expected.RemoveOriginAnnotations())
 	expYaml, err := expected.AsYaml()
-	assert.NoError(t, err)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
 
 	kt := makeKustTargetWithRf(t, th.GetFSys(), "/whatever", pvd)
-	assert.NoError(t, kt.Load())
+	require.NoError(t, kt.Load())
 	actual, err := kt.MakeCustomizedResMap()
-	assert.NoError(t, err)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
 	actual.RemoveBuildAnnotations()
+	require.NoError(t, actual.RemoveTransformerAnnotations())
+	require.NoError(t, actual.RemoveOriginAnnotations())
 	actYaml, err := actual.AsYaml()
-	assert.NoError(t, err)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
 	assert.Equal(t, string(expYaml), string(actYaml))
 }
 
@@ -312,19 +333,21 @@ configurations:
 	th.WriteF("/merge-config/name-prefix-rules.yaml", `
 namePrefix:
 - path: metadata/name
-  apiVersion: v1
+  group: apps
+  version: v1
   kind: Deployment
 - path: metadata/name
-  apiVersion: v1
+  version: v1
   kind: Secret
 `)
 	th.WriteF("/merge-config/name-suffix-rules.yaml", `
 nameSuffix:
 - path: metadata/name
-  apiVersion: v1
+  version: v1
   kind: ConfigMap
 - path: metadata/name
-  apiVersion: v1
+  group: apps
+  version: v1
   kind: Deployment
 `)
 	th.WriteF("/merge-config/deployment.yaml", `
@@ -349,37 +372,51 @@ metadata:
 	pvd := provider.NewDefaultDepProvider()
 	resFactory := pvd.GetResourceFactory()
 
-	resources := []*resource.Resource{
-		resFactory.FromMapWithName("deployment1", map[string]interface{}{
-			"apiVersion": "apps/v1",
-			"kind":       "Deployment",
-			"metadata": map[string]interface{}{
-				"name":      "foo-deployment1-bar",
-				"namespace": "ns1",
-			},
-		}), resFactory.FromMapWithName("config", map[string]interface{}{
-			"apiVersion": "v1",
-			"kind":       "ConfigMap",
-			"metadata": map[string]interface{}{
-				"name":      "config-bar",
-				"namespace": "ns1",
-			},
-		}), resFactory.FromMapWithName("secret", map[string]interface{}{
-			"apiVersion": "v1",
-			"kind":       "Secret",
-			"metadata": map[string]interface{}{
-				"name":      "foo-secret",
-				"namespace": "ns1",
-			},
-		}),
+	name0 := "deployment1"
+	r0, err0 := resFactory.FromMapWithName(name0, map[string]interface{}{
+		"apiVersion": "apps/v1",
+		"kind":       "Deployment",
+		"metadata": map[string]interface{}{
+			"name":      "foo-deployment1-bar",
+			"namespace": "ns1",
+		},
+	})
+	if err0 != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("failed to get instance with given name %v: %v", name0, err0)
 	}
-
+	name1 := "config"
+	r1, err1 := resFactory.FromMapWithName(name1, map[string]interface{}{
+		"apiVersion": "v1",
+		"kind":       "ConfigMap",
+		"metadata": map[string]interface{}{
+			"name":      "config-bar",
+			"namespace": "ns1",
+		},
+	})
+	if err1 != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("failed to get instance with given name %v: %v", name1, err1)
+	}
+	name2 := "secret"
+	r2, err2 := resFactory.FromMapWithName(name2, map[string]interface{}{
+		"apiVersion": "v1",
+		"kind":       "Secret",
+		"metadata": map[string]interface{}{
+			"name":      "foo-secret",
+			"namespace": "ns1",
+		},
+	})
+	if err2 != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("failed to get instance with given name %v: %v", name2, err2)
+	}
+	var resources = []*resource.Resource{r0, r1, r2}
 	expected := resmap.New()
 	for _, r := range resources {
 		err := expected.Append(r)
 		require.NoError(t, err)
 	}
 	expected.RemoveBuildAnnotations()
+	require.NoError(t, expected.RemoveTransformerAnnotations())
+	require.NoError(t, expected.RemoveOriginAnnotations())
 	expYaml, err := expected.AsYaml()
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 
@@ -388,6 +425,8 @@ metadata:
 	actual, err := kt.MakeCustomizedResMap()
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 	actual.RemoveBuildAnnotations()
+	require.NoError(t, actual.RemoveTransformerAnnotations())
+	require.NoError(t, actual.RemoveOriginAnnotations())
 	actYaml, err := actual.AsYaml()
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 	require.Equal(t, string(expYaml), string(actYaml))
@@ -422,7 +461,7 @@ func TestDuplicateExternalGeneratorsForbidden(t *testing.T) {
     configPath: another_config.json
 `)
 	_, err := makeAndLoadKustTarget(t, th.GetFSys(), "/generator").AccumulateTarget()
-	assert.Error(t, err)
+	require.Error(t, err)
 	assert.Contains(t, err.Error(), "may not add resource with an already registered id: ManifestGenerator.v1.generators.example/ManifestGenerator")
 }
 
@@ -451,6 +490,151 @@ func TestDuplicateExternalTransformersForbidden(t *testing.T) {
   value: 'fail'
 `)
 	_, err := makeAndLoadKustTarget(t, th.GetFSys(), "/transformer").AccumulateTarget()
-	assert.Error(t, err)
+	require.Error(t, err)
 	assert.Contains(t, err.Error(), "may not add resource with an already registered id: ValueAnnotator.v1.transformers.example.co/notImportantHere")
 }
+
+func TestErrorMessageForMalformedYAML(t *testing.T) {
+	// These testcases verify behavior for the scenario described in
+	// https://github.com/kubernetes-sigs/kustomize/issues/5540 .
+
+	testcases := map[string]struct {
+		loaderNewReturnsError error
+		shouldShowLoadError   bool
+	}{
+		"shouldShowLoadError": {
+			loaderNewReturnsError: utils.NewErrTimeOut(time.Second, "git init"),
+			shouldShowLoadError:   true,
+		},
+		"shouldNotShowLoadError": {
+			loaderNewReturnsError: NewErrMissingKustomization("/should-fail/resources.yaml"),
+			shouldShowLoadError:   false,
+		},
+	}
+
+	th := kusttest_test.MakeHarness(t)
+	th.WriteF("/should-fail/kustomization.yaml", `resources:
+- resources.yaml
+`)
+	th.WriteF("/should-fail/resources.yaml", `<!DOCTYPE html>
+<html class="html-devise-layout ui-light-gray" lang="en">
+<head prefix="og: http://ogp.me/ns#">
+<meta charset="utf-8">
+`)
+
+	for name, tc := range testcases {
+		t.Run(name, func(subT *testing.T) {
+			ldrWrapper := func(baseLoader ifc.Loader) ifc.Loader {
+				return loaderNewThrowsError{
+					baseLoader:      baseLoader,
+					newReturnsError: tc.loaderNewReturnsError,
+				}
+			}
+			_, err := makeAndLoadKustTargetWithLoaderOverride(t, th.GetFSys(), "/should-fail", ldrWrapper).AccumulateTarget()
+			require.Error(t, err)
+			errString := err.Error()
+			assert.Contains(t, errString, "accumulating resources from 'resources.yaml'")
+			assert.Contains(t, errString, "MalformedYAMLError: yaml: line 3: mapping values are not allowed in this context")
+			if tc.shouldShowLoadError {
+				assert.Regexp(t, `hit \w+ timeout running '`, errString)
+			} else {
+				assert.NotRegexp(t, `hit \w+ timeout running '`, errString)
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+// loaderNewReturnsError duplicates baseLoader's behavior except
+// that New() returns the specified error.
+type loaderNewThrowsError struct {
+	baseLoader      ifc.Loader
+	newReturnsError error
+}
+
+func (l loaderNewThrowsError) Repo() string {
+	return l.baseLoader.Repo()
+}
+
+func (l loaderNewThrowsError) Root() string {
+	return l.baseLoader.Root()
+}
+
+func (l loaderNewThrowsError) New(_ string) (ifc.Loader, error) {
+	return nil, l.newReturnsError
+}
+
+func (l loaderNewThrowsError) Load(location string) ([]byte, error) {
+	return l.baseLoader.Load(location) //nolint:wrapcheck // baseLoader's error is sufficient
+}
+
+func (l loaderNewThrowsError) Cleanup() error {
+	return l.baseLoader.Cleanup() //nolint:wrapcheck // baseLoader's error is sufficient
+}
+
+func TestErrorMessageForMalformedYAMLAndInvalidBase(t *testing.T) {
+	// These testcases verify behavior for the scenario described in
+	// https://github.com/kubernetes-sigs/kustomize/issues/5692 .
+
+	// Use a test server to fake the remote file response
+	handler := http.NewServeMux()
+	handler.HandleFunc("/", func(out http.ResponseWriter, req *http.Request) {
+		// Per issue #5692, the server should return a 200 status code with a response body that fails to parse as YAML
+		out.WriteHeader(http.StatusOK)
+		_, _ = out.Write([]byte(`<!DOCTYPE html>
+<html class="html-devise-layout ui-light-gray" lang="en">
+<head prefix="og: http://ogp.me/ns#">`))
+	})
+	svr := httptest.NewServer(handler)
+	defer svr.Close()
+
+	th := kusttest_test.MakeHarness(t)
+	th.WriteF("/should-fail/kustomization.yml", "resources:\n- "+svr.URL)
+	th.WriteF("/should-fail/remote-repo/kustomization.yml", "this: is not a kustomization file!")
+
+	ldrWrapper := func(baseLoader ifc.Loader) ifc.Loader {
+		return &loaderWithRenamedRoots{
+			baseLoader: baseLoader,
+			fakeRootMap: map[string]string{
+				// Use the "remote-repo" subdir instead of the remote git repo
+				svr.URL: "remote-repo",
+			},
+		}
+	}
+
+	_, err := makeAndLoadKustTargetWithLoaderOverride(t, th.GetFSys(), "/should-fail", ldrWrapper).AccumulateTarget()
+	require.Error(t, err)
+	errString := err.Error()
+	assert.Contains(t, errString, "accumulating resources from '"+svr.URL+"'")
+	assert.Contains(t, errString, "MalformedYAMLError: yaml: line 3: mapping values are not allowed in this context")
+	assert.Contains(t, errString, `invalid Kustomization: json: unknown field "this"`)
+}
+
+// loaderWithRenamedRoots is a loader that can map New() roots to some other name
+type loaderWithRenamedRoots struct {
+	baseLoader  ifc.Loader
+	fakeRootMap map[string]string
+}
+
+func (l loaderWithRenamedRoots) Repo() string {
+	return l.baseLoader.Repo()
+}
+
+func (l loaderWithRenamedRoots) Root() string {
+	return l.baseLoader.Root()
+}
+
+func (l loaderWithRenamedRoots) New(newRoot string) (ifc.Loader, error) {
+	if otherRoot, ok := l.fakeRootMap[newRoot]; ok {
+		return l.baseLoader.New(otherRoot) //nolint:wrapcheck // baseLoader's error is sufficient
+	}
+
+	return l.baseLoader.New(newRoot) //nolint:wrapcheck // baseLoader's error is sufficient
+}
+
+func (l loaderWithRenamedRoots) Load(path string) ([]byte, error) {
+	return l.baseLoader.Load(path) //nolint:wrapcheck // baseLoader's error is sufficient
+}
+
+func (l loaderWithRenamedRoots) Cleanup() error {
+	return l.baseLoader.Cleanup() //nolint:wrapcheck // baseLoader's error is sufficient
+}

api/internal/target/maker_test.go

@@ -6,9 +6,10 @@ package target_test
 import (
 	"testing"
 
+	"sigs.k8s.io/kustomize/api/ifc"
+	fLdr "sigs.k8s.io/kustomize/api/internal/loader"
 	pLdr "sigs.k8s.io/kustomize/api/internal/plugins/loader"
 	"sigs.k8s.io/kustomize/api/internal/target"
-	fLdr "sigs.k8s.io/kustomize/api/loader"
 	"sigs.k8s.io/kustomize/api/provider"
 	"sigs.k8s.io/kustomize/api/resmap"
 	valtest_test "sigs.k8s.io/kustomize/api/testutils/valtest"
@@ -21,11 +22,7 @@ func makeAndLoadKustTarget(
 	fSys filesys.FileSystem,
 	root string) *target.KustTarget {
 	t.Helper()
-	kt := makeKustTargetWithRf(t, fSys, root, provider.NewDefaultDepProvider())
-	if err := kt.Load(); err != nil {
-		t.Fatalf("Unexpected load error %v", err)
-	}
-	return kt
+	return makeAndLoadKustTargetWithLoaderOverride(t, fSys, root, nil)
 }
 
 func makeKustTargetWithRf(
@@ -34,10 +31,37 @@ func makeKustTargetWithRf(
 	root string,
 	pvd *provider.DepProvider) *target.KustTarget {
 	t.Helper()
-	ldr, err := fLdr.NewLoader(fLdr.RestrictionRootOnly, root, fSys)
+	return makeKustTargetWithRfAndLoaderOverride(t, fSys, root, pvd, nil)
+}
+
+func makeAndLoadKustTargetWithLoaderOverride(
+	t *testing.T,
+	fSys filesys.FileSystem,
+	root string,
+	ldrWrapperFn func(ifc.Loader) ifc.Loader) *target.KustTarget {
+	t.Helper()
+	kt := makeKustTargetWithRfAndLoaderOverride(t, fSys, root, provider.NewDefaultDepProvider(), ldrWrapperFn)
+	if err := kt.Load(); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("Unexpected load error %v", err)
+	}
+	return kt
+}
+
+func makeKustTargetWithRfAndLoaderOverride(
+	t *testing.T,
+	fSys filesys.FileSystem,
+	root string,
+	pvd *provider.DepProvider,
+	ldrWrapperFn func(ifc.Loader) ifc.Loader) *target.KustTarget {
+	t.Helper()
+	baseLoader, err := fLdr.NewLoader(fLdr.RestrictionRootOnly, root, fSys)
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Fatal(err)
 	}
+	ldr := baseLoader
+	if ldrWrapperFn != nil {
+		ldr = ldrWrapperFn(baseLoader)
+	}
 	rf := resmap.NewFactory(pvd.GetResourceFactory())
 	pc := types.DisabledPluginConfig()
 	return target.NewKustTarget(